Likewise, The Court uses three separate tests "the rational basis test, the strict scrutiny test, and the heightened scrutiny test "to determine whether a classification is constitutional or not. The rational basis test is the traditional test used by the Supreme Court to determine whether a law complies with the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. ... Typically, this test is applied to suspect classifications, which refer to classifying people according to their religion, national ethnic origin, race, or color. ... In other words the Constitution does not prohibit mak...

• Word Count: 439
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The premise of this theory of thought revolves around the concept that the acts of individuals who are deranged as a direct result of being psychotically mentally ill should not be judged in the same manner as the criminal offenses of rational people (Miller et al., 2006). ... § 13-502 (1996), utilized in this index case, violate the defendant's right to due process under the United States Constitution insofar as only one of the two M'Naghten's insanity test prongs were utilized. ... Arizona the defendant contended that the full M'Naghten two pronged rule was the mini...

• Word Count: 1113
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Americans welcome people from all lands, all cultures, all religions, because they are not afraid. ... However this approach can be seen as unsubstantiated when one takes into account the words of Phyllis Schlafly "ISI administered a very basic test on American history, government and economics to 2,500 Americans age 25 and older. The multiple-choice test asked citizens to identify terms that everybody should know, such as the New Deal, the Electoral College, Sputnik, "I Have a Dream" and progressive tax, The 2,500 adults scored an average of 49 percent that means they get a pit...

• Word Count: 1077
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Amendment 10 states that, "the powers not delegated to the United Sates by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people, " in other words, anything not specified in the United States Constitution is jurisdiction of the States. ... A big factor that many people do not think of when it comes to education is lobbying, a type of legal bribery. ... One would think that with such a dramatic increase, test scores of students would have increased as well, but that is not the case. ... People continue to pay more and more money to this ...

• Word Count: 1563
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After the war was over the American people knew what it felt like to finally be free. ... Abraham Lincoln, striving only for the people's equal rights, described best what impact the war would have on the nation when he said, "Now we are engaged in a great Civil War, testing whether our nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure."... It was truly a test of the heart of the United States as to whether or not it could overcome such a trying time. ... It seemed as if people had forgotten how and why they had become a nation in the first place. ... Lincoln challen...

• Word Count: 1438
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

White males were the only viable people who could vote on these changes and many of their principles were deeply ingrained by years of prejudice and racism. ... One such example is Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, in which this book gave whites a look at the more human aspects of African-American people. ... The early years of American social reform put a lot of tension on the nation and through the nation, the constitution was tested. ... This is the greatest attribute of democracy, because the Constitution ties together the American people, and the elasticity of the constitut...

• Word Count: 635
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

People of minority status encompassed a broad spectrum of individuals. ... But as the basis for imposing discriminatory legal remedies that work against innocent people, societal discrimination is insufficient and overexpansive. ... David Sullivan, a white sophomore at Boston Latin School said, "People should be able to get in based on how smart they are, not the color of their skin. ... A comprehensive statewide test was given to all 10th graders in Wisconsin. "These tests cover knowledge and concepts in reading, math, science, and social studies. ...

• Word Count: 1573
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The people feared a corrupted, too powerful government that would oppress this people. ... They unified the colonies, set up effective peace negotiations after the war, thorough the Land Ordinance of 1785 set up a policy for the use of western lands, through the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 set up the procedure for new states, and if nothing else they provided a temporary test government that provided enough structure for the nation to survive those eight years, while the American people learned what is required to make a functional government. ...

• Word Count: 732
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Many famous African American activists fought to end this horrid period of inequality by standing up for their rights and forming organizations such as The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. ... The law made it illegal for the states to discriminate against black voters with things like literacy tests. ... Even though the equality of people is stated in the constitution of this country its presence is sometimes over looked. ...

• Word Count: 910
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This was perhaps the greatest test to statesmanship that Jefferson ever had to face because no where in the Constitution did it determine whether or how Congress could buy land from a foreign country. This was an imposition to Jefferson because for years he had been arguing that maybe the power to buy land from foreign countries had been left out of the Constitution on purpose in order to escape the habitual performance of the Old World, where rulers would buy and sell, barter and gamble faraway land and unknown peoples. ... He could adapt his old beliefs to new needs without endangering th...

• Word Count: 826
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Gun Control essay John Lithgow once theorized on "Third Rock from the Sun" that due to the kinetic energy propelling a bullet and the subsequent friction exerted on the body by that bullet that "guns don't kill people, physics kills people." ... In 1994, the United States led the nations with 14.24 gun-related deaths per 100, 000 people (Carter). ... Literally, it states: A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. ... Neglecting the facts that guns physically kill people and ins...

• Word Count: 2243
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

One of the biggest early tests of incorporation was the case of Barron v Baltimore. ... No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. " The language of that section seemingly incorporates the Bill of Rights as a whole to the states, however at the time it was written many people argued against that. ... If I had to give an opinion I would say...

• Word Count: 2594
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Different Supreme Court cases were able to raise the nationalistic views in people. ... This also tested the sanctity of contracts.The Supreme Court voted that Dartmouth would continue to be a private institution. ...

• Word Count: 896
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Also, in my opinion, the nature of the pamphlet targeted a broad and varied group and would not have passed the "Clear and Present Danger Test". ... It may indeed best serve its high purpose when it induces a condition of unrest, creates dissatisfaction with conditions as they are, or even stirs people to anger. ...

• Word Count: 733
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The rightful ownership of an entire race of people was rooted in this document. ... When I went to the recruiters after taking an aptitude test (on which I did very well and scored higher than the other recruits in the office) to see what jobs I qualified for I was then handed a stack of jobs an inch and a half thick. ... Even though my dream has been dimmed to me the American Dream has many parts to it, and it can be fact or fiction depending on how much the American people put in to it. Determination and hope are a defense which helps protect the dream of the people. But it is also the Ameri...

• Word Count: 967
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Others argue that applicants must already comply with background checks, drug tests, credit checks, and verification of employment history, education, and income. ... But the decision of such a case may determine whether it is constitutional or not to hire, fire, accept, or reject people based on their social media updates and posts. ... United States, where Anthony Elonis made multiple threats on Facebook to innocent people, and was convicted of felony charges. ... Certain situations in which the judgment of character is necessary, social media could be a reliable source because people usuall...

• Word Count: 1200
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Many people feel that this system is outdated, unfair and/or biased; that it should be replaced with the popular voting system. ... Therefore, one electoral vote in California represented more people's popular votes than did all three electoral votes for the state of Alaska. ... Judith Best announced to the House Committee on the Judiciary on September 4, 1997 that, "No election system is perfect, but the current system has borne the test of time. ... It also allows average and less educated people to vote for themselves, which politicians of the 1700's would have found prepostero...

• Word Count: 1466
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(American Foreign Policy: pg 42) The framers of our constitution believed in the purpose of creating a government that would survive the tests of time, but when it came time to write Article II, Section 2, Clause 2, which states, "The President shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur." several different opinions on who should have domineering power in the situation arose. ... It was too Eldridge Gerry's observation that a majority of the senate would actually only represent about one-fifth ...

• Word Count: 1109
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

During the early testing period when few precedents existed, there was much debate about fundamental issues concerning what was intended by the words of the Constitution and which part of government should have the final word in defining the meaning of these words. ... Although his decision loosely construes and even stretches the meaning of the Constitution, Marshall's ruling on this case overall is not detrimental to the well-being of the American people. ... Critics will protest that the people do not elect the Supreme Court Justices and therefore the Supreme Court should not have the ...

• Word Count: 1148
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Supreme Court has not reviewed a physician-assisted suicide case, which would create precedent, constitutes a dilemma for the state courts in that there is no uniform test or ruling by which to decide. ... The case which Michigan judges cite in refusing this linkage of criminality is the People of the State of Michigan v. ... The American people are notoriously weary of it's implementation, as can be seen in the case of capital punishment. ...

• Word Count: 1550
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Hamilton was strongly opinionated to believing that the real test of a government was its tendency and aptitude to produce a well working administration. ... His nominees were able to be rejected and opposed by Congress which prevents the appointment of people with incapable character from holding office. ... Though The Federalist Papers did not motivate people to adopt the Constitution, it supplied them with the most authoritative interpretation of the Constitution. ...

• Word Count: 1599
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The second amendment which reads, "A Well Regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.... The members of the minutemen were never really about being individual but saw that they were a part of a larger group of people who all shared the same goal. ... It was the first test of the radical potential of the militia after the Revolutionary war. The Revolutionary war had taken a toll on the American economy and had cause the American government to place heavier tax on the people. ... The Federalists ...

• Word Count: 1918
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It created an uproar among U.S. citizens; some insisted that the laws were necessary to protect the integrity of the vote, while some felt that the laws were unfair because they would make it more difficult for some people to vote than others. ... The tactics used included literacy tests, grandfather clauses, poll taxes, and just plain scaring blacks and other groups out of showing up to the polls, usually with violence. ... Although the majority of American citizens do hold the proper identification to be able to vote under Voter ID laws, it has been determined that certain groups, includi...

• Word Count: 2997
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

McKay states that by the mid 1960's the Presidential office had grown enormously in power, and the pressures imposed by the Vietnam War and a declining economy tested the office to the full. ... The executive office, staffed by 2000 people, consists of the Whitehouse office, the office of administration, the office of management and the budget, policy development and the national security council. ...

• Word Count: 2206
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

From my time in Oklahoma, I learned that religion plays a huge part in the lives of the American people, at least for those living in Oklahoma. ... Called by critics the "enemy of all religion," Jefferson attempted to reconcile Christianity with the Enlightenment.17 Frank Lambert rightly concluded that though the "free market of religion represented freedom from religion, others wanted a more positive arrangement, guaranteeing freedom of religion."18 The freedom from religion merely represented a lack of religion in government affairs, but the freedom of religion would set more people at ease...

• Word Count: 3342
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate