France runs under a system known as the National Health Insurance Program (NHI). ... France spends $3,696 per capita, where as the US spends $7,538 per capita. The US spends more than double on health care than France. ... French NHI provides a great deal of patient choice, similar to Medicare. ... For example, "Patients are exempted from both [coinsurance and direct payment] when (1) expenditures exceed approximately $100, (2) hospital stays exceed 30 days, (3) patients suffer from serious, debilitating, or chronic illness, or (4) patient income is below a minimum ceiling, thereby quali...

• Word Count: 2068
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This essay will discuss a number performance issues that arise from bars 1-24 of the work's first movement, with references to Jacqueline du Pré's and Daniel Barenboim's 1970 recording. ... For Beethoven, therefore, the cellist's phrase could be shaped from note to note using fluctuations of tone colour, and Czerny's remark that the sonata must be "distinguished more by beauty of tone and performance, than by excessive rapidity" lends further support to this point. ... As early as 1756, Leopold Mozart had advised its use on "a closing note or any other susta...

• Word Count: 1498
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Feminism 1 The word feminism is a noun that as a few different meanings. ... The source notes that it could also mean "a feminine, or a woman's word or expression- (Oxford English Dictionary 246). ... In addition to the Etymological Dictionary, the reference book called Origins, by Eric Partridge, states that the word "feminism, -ist, -ize, come, perhaps with French encouragement, from femin, and femina- ( Partridge 207). In essence, the information the word comes from the French language and is based on the root word feminine and has not changed its meaning. 3 The wo...

• Word Count: 911
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This essay will compare Beethoven's Symphony No. 1 in C major, Op. 21, with his Symphony No. 8 in F major, op. 93. ... It is interspersed with syncopated motifs using diminished harmony (Example 3 Track 1 05:30-05:44). ... Around the time that he began these symphonies, Vienna had been under siege by Napoleon's army, the second time that the French occupied the Austrian capital, which was a time of hardship. ... The second movement, Allegretto scherzando, as its name suggest, has a humorous note. ... In Symphony no. 1 Beethoven writes a slow introduction to the usual fast first mo...

• Word Count: 1715
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This led France to declare war on Germany, who in turn, crossed through Belgium to invade France, breaking Belgium's neutrality and bringing Britain into the war against Germany. ... With the sinking of the Lusitania, President Wilson only threatened Germany at first, but in 1917, the attacks resumed and the US discovered the Zimmerman Note, in which Mexico was promised the support of reclaiming the American Southwest if the supported the Germans. ...

• Word Count: 578
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Many things can be said about Madonna: unconventional, anti-institutional religion, feminist and gay movement icon, a shrewd business woman, and, as quoted in Pamela Robertson's book, Guilty Pleasures, "She's become a repository for all our ideas about fame, money, sex, feminism, pop-culture, even death." 1(Page 117) Michel Dion's essay, "Madonna in the French Press"2, reveals the reasons why the French Press react to Madonna in such an extreme fashion, and one reason would be what he calls the "religious transgression". ... In the essay "Madonna in the French Press", he uses th...

• Word Count: 1027
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He states that early commercial success and the "adventurous spirit "1 which distinguishes America in foreign trade, will be dangerous to the several maritime powers of Europe and threaten their existing trade advantages among the States. ... Hamilton notes that one area of concern would be the rights of fisheries and the right of navigation on the Mississippi and the Western Lakes that are also granted to the Federal Union. ... Hamilton notes that it would take an army to patrol the borders and rivers just as it does in France, which employs an army of over twenty thousand men to protect thei...

• Word Count: 1626
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A 15th century French translation of Suso's manuscript contains this illuminated miniature (Fig 1, Brussels, Bibliotheque Royale, Ms. ... Note the posture of the muse, with drapery that suggests her movement, and also the page of the Holy Scriptures that is in the process of turning. ... Another consideration of note is the theological imagery in the piece. ... As a side note, this work seems to be one of the earliest references to the spring-powered clock (Department of Medieval and Modern Europe). ... This image was illuminated on parchment amongst thirty-four miniatures done by the ...

• Word Count: 1293
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the period 1870 to 1945, France and Germany fought each other three times, with terrible loss of life. ... So, in 1950, the French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman proposed integrating the coal and steel industries of Western Europe. As a result, in 1951, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was set up, with six members: Belgium, West Germany, Luxembourg, France, Italy and the Netherlands. ... The single currency - the euro - became a reality on 1 January 2002, when euro notes and coins replaced national currencies in twelve of the 15 countries of the European Union (Belgium, Germany...

• Word Count: 1384
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ernest Gellner was born December 9, 1925 in Paris, France. ... Chris Hann's earlier quoted article states: "He was a superb public speaker and debater, and also a gifted teacher, injecting occasional notes of melodrama into lectures that were delivered slowly, without notes." ... He was a lovable, contentious man who dominated an essentially contentious field of thought"(Nairn 1). ...

• Word Count: 811
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

" 1 On the topic of competition, colonial powers start to become strategic and especially the British begin to feel threatened by other rival colonial states, a form of protectionism starts to emerge whereby states want to shield their own domestic commodities and businesses from external influences. ... Now it is important to note, that European superiority and racism emerged from Western Christianity due to the fact that most of the African states had followed their own traditional beliefs which created the strong need for Europeans to convert Africans to Christianity in order to civi...

• Word Count: 2491
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They took the same survey at Time 1 and at Time 2, a year later. ... As for the results, hypothesis 1, which proposed the direct explanation of training and development by the work place and training motivation had support. ... Supervisor and employer support were significant Time 1 work place predictors of training and development, while job challenge and workload were not. ... Learning, motivation to transfer, note taking behavior, and satisfaction with training served as the dependent measures. ... For this study the sample included 373 multinational subsidiaries from the UK, US, France...

• Word Count: 2251
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This period is noted heavily for its revival of Greek and roman ideas, hence the name renaissance meaning "revival"(Sherrane 1). ... This had its challenges as well as it meant that a fourth, a fifth and a third would be out of tune (Arkenberg 1). ... Binchois was noteworthy for his chansons and rondeau as well as using "hemiola" which is a term when there is a cross note of three quarter notes over a compound meter. ... Du Fay drew on French and Italian styles; some of this can be seen in his smooth vocal melodies, melismas, and meter changes that were similar to that of t...

• Word Count: 2548
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(Note: Horizontal axis left and right side illustrated in pyramid is the male and females population respectively and are divided into 5 year age groups as presented horizontal bar at the top. ... Fagnani, Boyer, and Thévenon (2013) has been contented that length of maternity leave in France is 16 weeks, payment is full and all employees and private employee are paid. 2 weeks Parental leave, full payment both private employee also. ... Hence, because of supportive policy for a couple in France, both mother and father are actively participating in the workforce and able to increase ferti...

• Word Count: 1325
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Western interest in The Orient as an exotic land began with the French Campaign in Egypt and Syria beginning in 1798 supposedly to protect French trade interests, undermine Great Britain's access to India, and to establish scientific enterprise in the region. ... A good literary example of this Western-constructed reality of an Oriental country pre-colonization would be that of Au Maroc, written by French naval officer Pierre Loti who was traveling through the country before the French Protectorate was established in 1912. ... However, due to the difference in power and influence between ...

• Word Count: 4296
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Unfortunately, in China, the citizens are not promised "constitutional democracy, freedom, and human rights," (Jian 1). ... Professors gave seminars on Thomas Paine and the French Revolution. ... "The CCP claim that China has no need for constitutional democracy, and is much better off following its own 'exceptional' path of political dictatorship" (Jian 1). ... (Jian 1-5). ... Jian notes that although there is a small amount of people fighting against the Chinese Communist Party, they are China's "greatest hope....

• Word Count: 1175
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

On November 1, 1993, the 12 members of the European Community ratified the Treaty on European Union, or Maastricht Treaty. The twelve members were- Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. ... At that time the individual states notes will no longer be valid. ...

• Word Count: 766
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

With World War I raging in Europe, he volunteered for the French-based Norton-Harjes Ambulance Service. ... The collection No Thanks (1935), written in response to his trip to the Soviet Union, treats thetheme of artistic freedom in an especially powerful manner. 50 Poems (1940) contains such popular pieces as "anyone lived in a pretty how town" and an elegy to his father, "my father moved through dooms of love." 1 x 1 (1944) solidified Cummings's reputation as one of America's premier poets. ... Structured in a pattern of darkness moving toward light, 1 x 1 begins with poems that de...

• Word Count: 1201
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

On May 8th of 1776, the first continental congress meets together in Philadelphia to vote on the matter of "whether or not to grant General Washington's request that all Rhode Island militia be required to wear matching uniforms"1. ... This view point may be made from a passage John Adams wrote in his notes on debate calling himself "obnoxious, suspected, and unpopular"3 while trying to convince Thomas Jefferson to write the Declaration of Independence. This dialogue from Adams notes is used (more or less) in the musical to display not only humor and drama, but histor...

• Word Count: 970
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Michel Foucault was a French philosopher and historian (1926-1984). He received his education at the Sorbonne, focusing on psychology (1948) and at the University of Paris (psychopathology, 1950).[1] His pursuit of history and philosophy was therefore seen as an interest rather than a scholarly endeavor.[2] Between graduation and appointment at College of France, Foucault traveled and taught at a number of universities. ... Sheridan in 1970); many of his other books began to appear in translation following the success of The Order of Things, making his work accessible to an international audie...

• Word Count: 2204
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

LaFeber duly notes that Jordan has directed some of his millions to good causes. ... Only the coincidence of timing accounts for Jordan's role: His basketball stardom happened to coincide timewise with (1) the communications revolution of the new postindustrial information age, (2) just as Phil Knight was building Nike into a multibillion-dollar transnational Goliath. ... He notes that in 1980 the average American was exposed to 1,600 advertising commercials each day. ... Now critics in France, Germany, indeed all Europe, and intellectuals on each continent deplore American commercialism,...

• Word Count: 1589
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If we can accept these elements of the statement as truth, the extent to which the characters' conduct is "exaggeré" can indeed be questioned, particularly if (as Alstad does) we withdraw the two main protagonists, Valmont and Meurteil from any discussion of late 18th century society and see their role as one of provocation; "cynically challenging the whole concept of virtue by exposing the hypocrisy of society and the inadequacy of all conventional values (on which said society is founded)"1. Considering these two characters as enlightened villains, transcenden...

• Word Count: 1961
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This fact can be observed in Thomas Nast's cartoon Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction in Harper's Weekly on September 1, 1866 (American Horizons Volume II:164). ... Georges Clemenceau, a French journalist who covered the Reconstruction, wrote about the legislative branch in his notes, "Contrary to all that has happened, is happening, and will happen in certain countries, the legislative power here has the upper hand. ...

• Word Count: 1062
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The term was invented by Émile Zola (1902), a French writer and the most important figure of the literary school of naturalism. ... As William notes, the seagull is emphasised as a visual symbol – a piece of stage property – the action and the atmosphere and a device for emotional pressure between the two characters (Williams, 1973, pg. 103). ... It was in his efforts that the audiences engage with a more realistic and true performance [Placeholder, 1]. ...

• Word Count: 1346
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As Hitler rose to power in Germany, Stalin first contemplated forming a defensive alliance with Britain and France against the Nazis. ... Part 1:The Great Terror and the Nazi-Soviet Pact In the early 1930s, a famine developed in the Ukraine; learning of the suffering there, Stalin's wife Nadezhda confronted him, demanding that he remedy the situation. ... Thus Stalin made Kirov the scapegoat, and it was Kirov who was assassinated on December 1, 1934. ... (It is important to note that Stalin stood directly behind these trials--he delegated respon...

• Word Count: 5151
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate