Native Americans occupied the land in North America as far as 15,000-20,000 years ago, there were even bands of these people living there during the Ice Age. ... The American Indian Wars were the set of conflicts between the new American settlers and the Native American people from their initial arrival all the way until as late as 1890. Most of these quarrels were local and compact between small groups of colonists and individual tribes of Native Americans; they were usually over some kind of resource or over the expansion of the population onto already claimed territories. ... In other circu...

• Word Count: 904
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Spanish grouped all of the natives and forced them to participate in their haciendas. They fought many battles with the native populations and disrupted their previous customs and traditions. ... After being put in camps, however, the natives grew apart from these ideas and wanted the Spanish to leave. ... Because of all of this harsh treatment to the indigenous cultures during the exploration of the Americas, many people with the native roots of the Americas still hold a grudge against other populations. If the Spanish never explored the Americas, the native populations would probably hav...

• Word Count: 592
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For the other Latin American countries Spain's influence and presence was not welcomed at all. ... If the natives of the individual countries resisted the oppression brought upon them, there was documented Spanish law that was set to keep the natives in check. ... Along with the tyrannical European rule in their native countries, there came some of the radical reformative thinking of the Age of Enlightenment. ... They were reluctant to give up on the maintained status of systematically oppressing the native people. ... The human condition overall in Latin American was such that no one ...

• Word Count: 1046
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

At this time of exploration, discovery, and conquest, it was the Americas that had everything to offer as the New World. ... Along with this, Cortés and Pizarro also possessed native allies. ... But it was these men that would bring home gargantuan wins for Spain and the Spanish Empire. 2) Explain and compare the administration of the Spanish Americas and the Portuguese America (Brazil). ... The Spanish Monarchy did extend over into the Americas once they were successfully colonized. ... Since their first encounters with the natives, the natives saw them as returning gods and were in ...

• Word Count: 1949
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Years of Latin American oppression by power-greedy and money-hungry imperialist countries prompted the poet Pablo Neruda to write "Ode to the Americas."" ... Through the portrayal of Latin American economic and political exploitation, Neruda conveys his intricate feelings, resulting from the destruction of his native country. ... Thus, the speaker is deeply saddened and melancholic as he recounts the current situation of his native Latin America. ... The speaker's recollections of the Americas' natural beauty, as exemplified by the imagery of "ocean waters,""(line 62) and "dizzyi...

• Word Count: 954
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

1491: New Revelations of the Americas before Columbus is a ground-breaking study of the early Americas and Native Americans. ... Mann uncovers new conclusions, made by more recent researches, including the facts that Native American population and arrival in the Americas were probably different than previously thought and cultural advancements were broader. ... " Later, Native Americans were massacred using this same belief and self-proclaimed land entitlement. ... Something a reader could learn from this book is how racism shaped the way early America came to be- colonists separated from...

• Word Count: 547
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Estonian scientists that sample mitochondrial DNA from more than 600 Native Americans revised this theory in 2007. ... After these procedures Native Americans from Montana, led by the Crow Tribe did a reburial with a Native rituals for the Anzick boy. ... " (Michael Waters, 2013) The first inhabitants of North America were the direct ancestors of Native American, says Professor Willerslev and continues: We can see that the Clovis boy shares about 1/3 of his genes with the 24,000 years old child from Mal'ta at the Siberian Lake Baikal who we have analyzed previously. The same goes fo...

• Word Count: 2012
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Spanish came to the Americas seeking gold. ... Essentially, the Spanish sought the exploitation of Latin (or the beginning of Latin) America's resources for the mercantilistic economic benefit of Spain and encountered little resistance from the natives in achieving this end. ... Hence, the lines between God and Spain were blurred by ordained design, further decimating the shards of Native American culture that remained in Latin America. The church became very much a tool to be wielded unhindered by Spain in that the church welcomed conquest for purposes of conversion- in fact ow...

• Word Count: 654
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Within this tale, there is always the mention of the Native Americans, the ones who taught us to farm and understand the ways the North American lands worked in comparison to European ones most of the travelers had previously been accustomed. ... What right did we have to take that land, when it was owned by several Native American tribes whom travelers, hunters, and journalists transformed from human beings with various cultures into savages all because of the different ways they lived, their speech, their styles of clothing, and probably more so, their skin color. ... African Americans show ...

• Word Count: 1871
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The whites who were at the top, next were the Creoles, beneath them were the Native Americans, who were the official wards of the Crown but yet they were still greatly exploited and abused. Mestizos, who are people of mixed Native American and white heritage, and they suffered legal and social discrimination. ... The enlightment strongly changed the ideas of people in Europe, America, and Latin America. ... Other Latin American uprising occurred with Simon Bolivar, who led the South American independence. ... These imposed ideas left the continent weak and resulted in the loss of culture, the ...

• Word Count: 1547
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

#1: Why is it said that diversity rather than uniformity characterizes Latin Americans? ... #2: Some defining elements in the historical constitution of North American identity have differed greatly from those of Latin American identity. ... We can look back in history and ascertain that intermarriage between the British and the Native Americans was not a popular trend during the colonial conquest and that, in turn, halted any sort of new ethnic group from emerging in the New World until later on in time, leaving a majority of white inhabitants. On the other hand, during the wars of i...

• Word Count: 962
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The bearing of Spanish colonization is characterized mostly by the efforts of converting Native Americans into Christians and the impact, although not positive, of spreading disease to the people of the Americas. ... Columbus and his men introduced horses to the Americas and in essence, Native American tribes began incorporating these animals to make them more mobile in hunting and general transportation efforts. ... The conversion of Native Americans to Christianity often resulted in violence. ... Nonetheless, the Spanish missionaries of Father Junipero Sonoma noted the success of the Span...

• Word Count: 1667
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

John de Crèvecoeur's Letters from an American Farmer. ... Many hardships had to be conquered to settle a New World; from uncultivated land to angry natives, from diseases, to slow economic processes, these people were besieged by problems. ... Another benefit in coming to America was that no matter what the immigrant's original nationality, this new country allowed them to keep a piece of themselves; immigrants were not forced to give up their national identity, their roots to their native countries were unchallenged and there was no need to "Americanize" since there...

• Word Count: 1397
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Europeans also introduced domesticated animals to the Native Americans. Animals like cows, goats, chickens, horses and sheep were strange but amazing creatures to the Native Americans. ... They also took Native Americans back to Europe as curiosities and novelties. ... The Europeans introduced the Native Americans to measles, smallpox, and influenza, killing thousands. The Europeans also carried home the Native American disease, syphilis, contracted in sexual encounters with Native women. ...

• Word Count: 450
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Native Americans refer to him as "The Ancient One". ... This is not only disturbing but also insulting to Native Americans. ... To the Native Americans this has been a desecration of their ancestors. ... This was done with little or no care to the Native Americans. ... "(12) The Vermillion Accord set the stage for NAGPRA, Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, a federal law committed to the respectful treatment of the Native American dead. ...

• Word Count: 2825
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It was the first time for Caliban to be seen as a dispossessed native. ... However, gradually assumptions about The Tempest's relations with American colonization accumulated and "American school" of Tempest interpretation began to emerge. ... This view was widely accepted; however, few critics of that day showed sympathy toward Native Americans because they still described Caliban as a wild creature who had developed from a savage into a civilized under Prospero's education, as Native Americans under the white's enigmas. ... Caliban was no longer just an American Indian, he...

• Word Count: 2369
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the mid 1500s the spanish expedition ventured into the North American continent and the missionary priests converted native americans into Christianity to any native americans they encountered. There were also religious battles that occured in north america trying to impose it with its own religious beliefs. Eventually Protestant English def. catholic rivals and won most of north america leading to anti - catholicism taking root in american soil. A Christian witness to the native Americans was one of the reasons for establishing Jamestown. ...

• Word Count: 274
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Horticulture played a crucial role in many Native American cultures and the survival of their people. ... Native Americans suffered 80-90% population losses in most of America with influenza, typhoid, measles, and smallpox taking the greatest toll on them. ... Turkeys, llamas, alpacas, and guinea pigs are a few of the animals introduced to European lands from the Americas. The greatest impact of America on Europe, Asia, and Africa was the spread of American food crops. ... A variety of plants such as rice, barley, oats, coffee, melons, and daisies were brought from the Old World to the Am...

• Word Count: 543
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

What transpired from these conflicts is what has shaped modern day America. A quest for equality between the oppressed and the oppressor provides the central and underlying theme in the formation of American history. ... (Zinn, A People's History, 4) The formation of the first class struggle in the Americas became evident in the subjugation of the natives under the power of Christopher Columbus. In the fourteen years from 1494 to 1508, over three million Natives lost their lives to the hands of the Europeans. ... This war allowed for the formation of America, and it is those kinds of...

• Word Count: 902
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, not to say that native peoples of North and South America did not influence Europeans. ... Beyond the scopes of politics and economics native peoples influenced European diets, habits and cultures. When settlers came to North America many of them were unprepared for the harsh conditions and foreign landscape. ... Practically everyone from all European countries viewed the Natives of North and South America as inferior and ignorant, and they consistently took advantage of their kind and giving nature. ... This contact with these new and strange people devastated the natives indefin...

• Word Count: 652
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When Columbus arrived back from the his journey ,across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas,the fame,fortune and glory that he received inspired other European explorers to follow in his footsteps and explore the world.Until he had made his voyage in 1492 to the Americas, the existance of the Americas was not publically acknowledged. ... Also, another key argument that people, who favor Christopher Columbus" voyage to the Americas, strongly advocate is that he paved a path for settlement in America. ... This path of European migration lead to form the the people of the United States of Americ...

• Word Count: 458
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The different native cultures included the Aztecs and Mayans as well as many smaller tribes. ... Aside from its primary goal of converting the native Americans, the church built schools and hospitals, provided nursing care for the elderly and mentally ill, and established church based schools to convert native American children to Christianity. ... There were also the Crillos, who were born in the Americas but were still of Spanish lineage. ... The Mestizos were Mexican born citizens of mixed nationality, with one parent being Native American and the other being of Spanish descent. ... Overall...

• Word Count: 980
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

One pertinent piece of information that Loewen interjects is the extreme depletion of the Native American People in the 16th century, before the "pilgrims" even set foot on the "New World", due to a major plague. I myself, being a product of the American public school system, had never read (in any school related textbook) of such a plague in all 12 years of school and 4 years of "higher education" until this day. Loewen also explains that the 90-95% deterioration of the Native Americans is just an estimate which is fairly difficult to prove, though he does write of accounts which were publi...

• Word Count: 342
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Being that Columbus and his mates brought with them a lot of things that were foreign to the natives, he automatically assumed their ignorance. By assuming their ignorance, he preyed upon the gentle nature of these natives. ... " Although while judging the natives, it was he and his people whom brought about disease pathogens what created a 50-90% mortality rate across the region. ... Prior to these exploration voyages, the natives did not inherit nor acquire immunities to these diseases. Due to these diseases bringing about death in obscenely large numbers, the Europeans began importing ...

• Word Count: 512
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There is substantial evidence, however, that the Native American landscape of the early sixteenth century was a humanized landscape almost everywhere. ... Denevan puts forth this argument in his "The Pristine Myth: The Landscape of the Americas in 1492." ... Post-Colonial Model - This model identified in Sluyter's Colonialism and Landscape in the America's attempts to emphasize reciprocal action and material change in all directions between the Natives, the Europeans, and the landscape. It focuses on the evidence for potentially equal reciprocal interactions among the native, lands...

• Word Count: 1623
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate