Although their empirical study found no convincing support for most of these intervening variables (they admit limitations in their measures and data sampling), their findings did suggest that age acts in conjunction with expectations, education and past success in avoiding confinement in predicting desistence. ... Smith et al. focused on drug use and delinquency as outcome measures, and many protective variables as independent measures. ...

• Word Count: 672
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The racial, ethnic, women and sexual moralities in most states are over represented in the lower ends, which increases these measures and under-representation that raises structural inequality specter. ... It normally ignores measure of wealth, distorts and masks maneuvers. There is a big diversity within class measures, and it cuts across ethnicity, race, religion, sexuality, gender age and more. The disparity in income among working class creates division and plicate by avoiding class consciousness from providing and developing measures of disposable income which creates the illusion of indi...

• Word Count: 1042
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Each type of actor has a set of characteristic relational contents that represent and measure potential connections between them. ... Work relations can be characterized by measuring the intensity or strength of the ties by the frequency of conversations between pairs of employees. ... The measures can indicate the degree of relational concentration for an actor relative to others. ... The specific measures or implications of intensity or strength of ties vary according to which substantive contents in a particular social network. ...

• Word Count: 2000
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Research on adult differential association theory is limited when one searches for studies that includes in the analysis measures of both theoretical perspectives. ... You have to adjust certain measures taken in order to justify the research in the questions provided. ... However, Sutherland received criticism because his ideas were difficult to operationalize and measure. ... For example, how could someone measure the intensity of associations and interactions with others? ... In order to measure someone's feelings, this is a nominal approach, and you cannot measure feelings. ...

• Word Count: 2164
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Attitudes are not easy to measure accurately. The most common way to measure attitudes is questionnaires which rely on answers from participants. ... Friske (2004) stated that self-report measures such as questionnaires are more precise when obtaining external attitudes rather than internal attitudes. ... Another method that has been used to measure the link is called the 'bogus pipeline technique' which tricks participants into thinking they are connected to a lie detector. ...

• Word Count: 1527
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

One of the first people who tried to establish a standard for measuring poverty was Charles Booth, who looked at basic requirements needed to maintain a physically healthy existence, which is sufficient food and shelter to make possible the physically efficient functioning of the body. ... The most common way to measure poverty is by household income. ... Other reliable measures of health came from medical models which suggest that health is related to a host of social factors including income, education, housing and environmental conditions. ... The artefact explanation argues that the me...

• Word Count: 1845
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Rene Maunier once said, "In aiming at progress you must let no one suffer by too drastic a measure, nor pay too high a price in upheaval and devastation, for your innovation". ... Material possessions, income, and economic growth measure social stratification. ...

• Word Count: 756
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Recently newspaper reports indicate that gender violence in Bangladesh is on the increase.1 a phenomena which has brought forth preventive legislative measures from the government, as well as growing concern from the general public. ... Thus family planning becomes equated with women's issues and women the prime receptors of birth control measure. ... Marketing techniques aim to get the product sold, and hence there is a tendency to keep any 'negative' information to a minimum, in advertising to the general public, as in the case of the high-oestrogen oral contraceptive pill, Ma...

• Word Count: 4537
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

McKinley's work in the 1990s on two complimentary measures of poverty: • Income poverty - covering the ability to purchase food, clothing and shelter And more interestingly • Capability poverty- covering the ability, or lack of, to live a healthy life, free of avoidable disease; having adequate nourishment; being informed and knowledgeable; being capable of reproducing; being personally secure; and being able to actively participate in society. ... The way in which social policy-makers define and measure poverty affects how it is tackled. 2.2 Employment and Oc...

• Word Count: 2122
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Punishment is a measure to deal with bad elements, whether in the house, school or society. The naughty child, the lazy child or the criminal should be all punished. Punishment, therefore, is an important tool for maintaining the discipline, law and order. Punishment is necessary in some aspects....

• Word Count: 320
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Tracking and Measuring Behavior Educators and their learners with learning and behavioral issues generate information for different reasons. ... Considerations of antecedents to behaviors, the basic importance of measuring and observing behavior, teaching the learners to manage their behavior and promoting appropriate social behavior. ...

• Word Count: 1140
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The result of the effect on individuals within a positive social support group is a decreased burden of stress, which is perceived to be shared among members of the social group and in turn result in improvement in physiological measures of health. ... The WHO outlines specific measures on the social and individual benefits of education early on in life and positive educational environments that promote learning and mental as well as emotional development. ...

• Word Count: 1310
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In addition, they used the randomized response technique to measure individual answers against the group's answers. ... Their results proved social learning theory to be an applicable and acceptable defining measure to explain adolescent smoking. ...

• Word Count: 1862
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

And, 4-poverty alleviation measures. ... When the paper came for review in an inter-governmental meeting, the Finance Minister and Special Adviser to the Prime Minister (Shahid Javed Burki) fully supported the proposals meant to give to the SBP a measure of autonomy but the senior bureaucrats of the Ministry of Finance showed a lukewarm, if not a hostile, attitude to the proposed reforms. ... In his address to the nation on August 19, 1993, the Caretaker Prime Minister, while outlining a programe of socio-economic reforms, stated that measures were to be taken "to turn the Sta...

• Word Count: 2277
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Hong Kong's elderly citizens are currently facing numerous major problems which the government needs to address. The government has not placed a great deal of concern and attention on the aging population. The number of elderly continues to increase rapidly in Hong Kong. It was predicted that the el...

• Word Count: 542
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This article's research question was asking if early language and intelligence development had any relationship to future criminal behavior. This research question was interesting because it looked at different ages from birth to adulthood to see if there were any links to criminality in around 200 ...

• Word Count: 557
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

women and their resources were centrally involved in prevailing development policies and practices, though not in ways that benefited women. Appropriating women's resources - land, time, food and energy resources, paid and unpaid labor, community networks for maintaining health, political and econ...

• Word Count: 1735
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For this reason a variety of new methods of measuring stress have been developed and refined. ... Choi and Wodarski, 1996, concluded that contradicting results depend on the researches foci and measures of social support. ...

• Word Count: 1971
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the case of GM crops, there has been some measure of success; many local councils, bowing to community pressure, have introduced a GM-free zone in areas under their dominion. ... But this movement can be accorded some measure of success if judged by other factors. ...

• Word Count: 1466
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Adler (1975) and David (1971) have argued that, although culture shock is most often linked with negative outcomes, it may, in small measures, be consequential for self-development and growth. ... Utilizing supervisors" and subordinates" ratings as the measure of performance, an attempt was made to demarcate what factors contributed to success. ...

• Word Count: 1472
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"Your beliefs will be the light by which you see, but they will not be what you see and they will not be a substitute for seeing." -Flannery O'Connor, Mystery and Manners Is it really a travesty to break tradition? Can individualism thrive in a culture saturated with realism? How far can one go bef...

• Word Count: 899
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

JAPAN: A SOCIETY DIFFERENT THAN THAT OF THE WESTERN WORLD? In present day, Japanese society and its culture embodies many of the same concepts on which the Western world has been built. Democratization, globalization, industrialization and ongoing modernization are fundamental concepts that have...

• Word Count: 742
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the case of the life accounts given, this approach would examine the connection between one variable and another eg. with Leonard, measures could be initiated to examine the level of and association of his life restrictions to feelings of intense inner violence and anger. ...

• Word Count: 898
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

What is the difference between economic and social underdevelopment? There are many distinct differences between social and economic underdevelopment. Social underdevelopment refers to such factors as low education rates and high rates of illiteracy. Some of the factors that are used to measure...

• Word Count: 689
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Organizational Behavior 2 Abstract The definition of Organizational Behavior is often misunderstood by those nor aquatinted with this branch of science. There is a misperception that Organizational Behavior is a "common sense" application of observed human behavior. Defining Organiz...

• Word Count: 755
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate