This assignment, will seek to explore the introduction of MAPPA, the legislation that underpins it, statistics that support MAPPA and it will critically analyse the effectiveness of restrictive measures placed on those deemed as 'high risk dangerous offenders'. ... When discussing the management of sex offenders, the use of restrictive measures to enable safe risk management, is often at the forefront of the minds of criminal justice workers. Measures such as controlling where a sex offender can go, at what times, who to contact, and who not to contact reinforce to the offender tha...

• Word Count: 2070
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Research on adult differential association theory is limited when one searches for studies that includes in the analysis measures of both theoretical perspectives. ... You have to adjust certain measures taken in order to justify the research in the questions provided. ... However, Sutherland received criticism because his ideas were difficult to operationalize and measure. ... For example, how could someone measure the intensity of associations and interactions with others? ... In order to measure someone's feelings, this is a nominal approach, and you cannot measure feelings. ...

• Word Count: 2164
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

First, the juvenile justice system has a rhetorical goal to rehabilitate delinquents through punitive measures. ... The main conclusion was that punitive measures just do not address the more basic problems that youth offenders face, such as how to resolve peer conflicts. ...

• Word Count: 753
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The data used form the Census was to measure two aspects of their theory, the minority population size and the economic inequality. ... The purpose of the random-intercept model is to measure the degree to which the value of the given dependant variable varies across the communities. ...

• Word Count: 823
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although it is hard to accurately measure the number of surveillance cameras and systems in the UK, McLean et al. (2013) reported that there may be as many as 4 million privately and publicly owned cameras in London alone. ... Haggerty (2009) suggested using CCTV in combination with situational crime prevention measures such as listening devices, email and phone activity databases, and car records to contribute to the effectiveness of this crime prevention strategy. ... Although the implementation of CCTV technology is associated with a number of benefits, it is possible to maximise its effe...

• Word Count: 1968
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Punishment is a measure to deal with bad elements, whether in the house, school or society. The naughty child, the lazy child or the criminal should be all punished. Punishment, therefore, is an important tool for maintaining the discipline, law and order. Punishment is necessary in some aspects....

• Word Count: 320
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There are preventative measures and improvements to understanding the affects on gangs on the community. ... Additionally, future research on the effects of gangs on the community should include examining the theoretical perspectives on fear of crime and apply direct measures of the attitudes of both individuals and the community related to the gangs, community crimes and violence, confidence and trust in the authorities, and uncovering the relationship between the community and their gangs. ... In my community of Dade county, Florida it is my own opinion that these methods and measures would...

• Word Count: 1494
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The question as to whether Torture is an acceptable and justifiable method to coax a confession from a criminal has been brought to the forefront by the events of September 11th. Laws have long been established to punish those found guilty of crimes; in this country, one must first be found guilty f...

• Word Count: 448
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The United States incarcerates more men and women annually, than any other nation in the world. This statistic holds a direct correlation with the everlasting issue of crime that is dealt with in America. A major tool that measures crime, and subsequently counteracts it, are crime databases. These d...

• Word Count: 1100
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In addition, they used the randomized response technique to measure individual answers against the group's answers. ... Their results proved social learning theory to be an applicable and acceptable defining measure to explain adolescent smoking. ...

• Word Count: 1862
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This article's research question was asking if early language and intelligence development had any relationship to future criminal behavior. This research question was interesting because it looked at different ages from birth to adulthood to see if there were any links to criminality in around 200 ...

• Word Count: 557
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Common measures included: greatly lengthened prison sentences; removal of discretion from judges through mandatory minimum sentencing schemes and strict guideline systems; expansion of conspiracy laws to include people only peripherally involved in an offense; loosening of the evidentiary requirements to prove conspiracy; and "school-zone" sentencing enhancements that apply to a large percentage of all drug cases in many urban areas, although the majority of such cases do not involve minors or take place on school grounds . ... Voters in both Arizona and California have overwhelmingly approve...

• Word Count: 2815
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Reliance on the death penalty obscures the true causes of crime and distracts attention from the social measures that effectively contribute to its control. Politicians who preach the desirability of executions as a weapon of crime control deceive the public and mask their own failure to support anti-crime measures that will really work because over 94% of criminal justice dollars are spent after the crime has already been committed. ...

• Word Count: 1564
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Opportunity, variable four, is conceptually defined as, the measure on the part of the person with the ease and certainty in which the crime can be committed. ... Section six of the survey labeled "demographics" contains questions that will be measured nominally(race, gender), ordinally (employment type, level of employment), and ratio measures (age, time employed) The researcher has developed the following hypothesis to test for the purpose of this study: a. ...

• Word Count: 1637
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, not all offenders have the same capacity or willingness to benefit from measures designed to produce law-abiding citizens. ... They often measure compliance by meeting with the probationer in the probation office. ...

• Word Count: 1772
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"How long should juveniles remain in institutions?" If, after a disposition hearing, the juvenile court judge finds that the community is inadequate to deal with the special needs of a delinquent youth, he or she may then be referred to the state department of youth services for confinement in...

• Word Count: 730
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This leads us into a heightened sense of what he calls global risk consciousness, whereby which measures are enforced to prevent those from outside a country's borders of infiltrating and bringing crime. ...

• Word Count: 887
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Penology Critically evaluate the prison as the central form of punishment in Britain at the start of the 21st Century. Prisons are mere places of confinement. It is used as a sanction for offences of which offenders stand convicted. Since the abolition of the death penalty in 1965 imprison...

• Word Count: 2252
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although this is an imperative measure in enhancing national security, it does not guarantee maximum national security because criminals and irresponsible citizens will continue to violate such laws to acquire weapons and arms illegally and use other forms of weapons to fuel insecurity nationwide (Merkel & Richard 79). ...

• Word Count: 2270
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As Eysenck and Gudjonsson (1989) stated: "What is inherited are certain peculiarities of the brain and nervous system that interact with certain environmental factors and thereby increase the likelihood that a person will act in a particular antisocial manner in a given situation" Eysenck believed that he could measure the three character traits using a personality questionnaire, designed to identify individuals with particular tendencies. ... They found the results showed supposedly less criminal tendencies than a sample measure of non-criminals from the same ethnic backgrounds. ...

• Word Count: 2818
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The purpose of this paper is to examine the similarities between guns and juvenile crime. In many situations juveniles who commit crimes are in the presence of a firearm or some kind of weapon. We will look at possible ways for juveniles to locate guns, the fascination of guns, exactly how many cr...

• Word Count: 1363
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There is no easy solution to gun violence but there are some measures that can be implemented that can decrease 1gun violence such as regulating and monitoring them better this can cause a decrease in overall gun violence. ...

• Word Count: 1006
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This paper examines juvenile and criminal justice policies and practices with respect to young offenders who cross over from the juvenile to the criminal justice system. It focuses on the age period between mid-adolescence and early adulthood (roughly ages 15 to 29), with a particular focus on older...

• Word Count: 2448
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Several limitations of crime victim surveys as a means of measuring the extent of sexual violence have been identified: • Information gained by these surveys is limited by the questions asked, and the composition of the database. ... Male Victims There is no measure of the true incidence of sexual violence among men. ...

• Word Count: 3415
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He used the average as a means of measuring the intellectual and mediocrity of the population. ... Measuring the heads of the living and executed criminals against the skulls of apes and prehistoric humans to what he considered as primitive people. ...

• Word Count: 2697
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate