Kennedy agrees with Rawley's view stating "The Emancipation Proclamation did not free those held in bondage.10" Conversely, I agree with Martin who believes "the Emancipation Proclamation gave African American slaves the hope of freedom,11" as demonstrated when many slaves began to desert their plantations, refused to work or, in Louisiana, "erect gallows from which to hang their oppressors.12" Therefore, the 14th Amendment may have granted effective equality in the "de jure" sense but I believe it is clear Lincoln himself did not desire eq...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate