The physiological function of the body is to maintain the systems in a state called homeostasis and avoid extreme fluctuations, which means the brain and body develop a tolerance to the effects of mind- and mood-altering substances (McGonigal). ... According to the American Heart Association, the human body does not require refined sugars to function properly but add superfluous calories and zero nutrients to foodstuffs. ... The functions of the tissue-salts, potassium and sodium are to drain and clean poisonous substances from tissue, so when these salts are absorbed by the sugar, carbonic...

• Word Count: 2214
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) affects the glands and epithelial cells of the body in the lungs, liver, pancreas, digestive system and reproductive system. ... In a healthy cell, this CFTR protein would act as a transport channel (transport protein) for sodium and chloride within the cell membrane. In a person with CF, this protein is unable to function properly because the instructions the defective gene has supplied on how to make this particular protein were incorrect. ... Mucus within a healthy body lubricates our internal systems, preventing tissue from drying out and protecting them from infect...

• Word Count: 1147
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Within the bones are also stored the calcium deposits which the body may access, via resorption, when needed. ... The skeletal system provides structural support for the entire body. ... The bones of the skeleton function as levers that direct and modify the forces generated by skeletal muscles. ... Since these are gene products, they need protein producing machinery to complete their function. ... A major product of the bone-forming osteoblast is type I collagen. ...

• Word Count: 5684
• Approx Pages: 23
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Another major development occurred in the second half of the 19th century, when ceramic materials for electrical insulation were developed. ... It applies the physics of stress and strain, in particular the theories of elasticity and plasticity, to the microscopic crystallographic defects  found in real materials in order to predict the macroscopic mechanical failure of bodies. ...

• Word Count: 3326
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A major component of the plants and animals in a region is their overall diversity, indicative of how many species can coexist there. ... Each individual is a collection of adaptations that allow it to function effectively in its environment, and these adaptations characterize the species to which it belongs. ... The temperature of water bodies affects nearby land masses greatly, although there is less effect with distance from water. ... The degree of seasonality also has a major effect. ... Descriptions of vegetation take into account plant species and their abundance and size distribution, ...

• Word Count: 12375
• Approx Pages: 50
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate