This article identifies a gap in the literature, advocating for research to focus on how the different types of evidence (in the form of knowledge and input) from plethora stakeholders, relate to one another; and what (if any) is the hierarchy of knowledge(s) from the various communities (policy, research and practice). 1. ... It notes, in the social sciences arena (as distinct from the fields of applied sciences), that each endeavour to understand reality is contingent on the "sociological viewpoint" of the endeavourer (Marston & Watts 2003: p157). A literature review is provide...

• Word Count: 2455
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Furthermore, the file drawer effect refers to the practice of researchers filing away studies with negative outcomes. ... In a secondary study conducted by Baker, the results were similar. ... In addition, there is a huge literature on probability learning that suggests people are very good at learning global and local probabilities in the patterning of events which is what appears to have happened during Sheldrake's experiment (Servan-Schreiber and Anderson 1990). ... From a more positive perspective, it is Sheldrake who is responsible for raising questions about psychic functioning, has...

• Word Count: 1739
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The author contends that it is only with the emergence of travel, literature, and history that a new formation towards this "Other' begins to find a place within these theories. ... During the scientific revolution, where the separation from religion and the study of humanity began and new developments in physics and astronomy emerged, the author notes how Darwin's revolution opened scientific exploration further into the areas of geology and biology. ... Darwin, starting as a geologist, studying the transformations in the Earth, connected these changes in the natural physical ...

• Word Count: 1481
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

." - Ralph Waldo Emerson A Condensation of Its Context Toward the end of his notebook, "Naturalist," Ralph Waldo Emerson entered sentence (dated 1853) that marks a symbolic vision of nature familiar to his readers and, in more recent years, of concern to his ecologically minded critics: "He is the richest who has most use for nature as raw material of tropes and symbols with which to describe his life." (2) One can see why the tradition of reading Emerson's nature writing and environmental aesthetics in sharp contrast with Henry David Thoreau's--Thoreau viewed as "Emerson's ea...

• Word Count: 9971
• Approx Pages: 40
• Grade Level: Undergraduate