There are also religious arguments for determinism that entail that God's omniscient nature implies God's knowledge of all things that were, are, and will be and therefore no action could be executed without God's prior knowledge and determination of the action. ... In order to recognize that human consciousness possesses free will (without further scientific discovery) one would have to make the claim that consciousness is immaterial and is therefore outside of the laws of Newtonian physics that seemingly determine all material occurrences. ... In order to prove free will'...

• Word Count: 678
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Gospel of Truth is a Valentinian account of their stance on the matter of salvation through knowledge. ... Until the discovery of thirteen primary Gnostic texts near Nag Hammadi, Egypt, in 1945, Irenaeus and other similar apologists provided nearly all information about Gnosticism. ... Gnostic teaching is based upon the knowledge of transcendence through internal and innate methods expressed as an exclusive religious experience. ... Such lack of knowledge can be dissolved only by gnosis, and the revelation of gnosis is brought by Christ, who is considered the logos of the True God. ... Val...

• Word Count: 2211
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The enlightenment began in an age of, "unprecedented intellectual turmoil which commenced in the mid-seventeenth century,"" and was associated with the scientific progress of the early seventeenth century, especially the discoveries of Galileo. ... Deist belief involves a theory of knowledge based upon the recognition of fundamental universal characteristics on the object perceived, and is rigidly opposed to knowledge that is supernatural in its origin and determined only by strife and conflict. ...

• Word Count: 2438
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate