The principal is known as the Carolingian Renaissance, supposed to perceive the blossoming of adapting under the rule of Charlemagne (ruled 768 "814). ... It was in this environment at Avignon that Petrarch (1304 "1374), the father of Italian humanism, initially looked into and advanced established learning. ... The recovery of Greek learning was supported by becoming contact between the Greek and Latin holy places at the Council of Ferrara-Florence in 1438 "1445 furthermore by the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453, after which Greek émigrés escaping the ...

• Word Count: 2501
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This intonation is not well suited for Renaissance music as only the octaves are in perfect intonation, and vocal renaissance music was especially noted for its perfect fourths and fifths (Norton 158). ... The Renaissance had many iconic composers such as John Dunstable (1390-1453). ... Du Fay drew on French and Italian styles; some of this can be seen in his smooth vocal melodies, melismas, and meter changes that were similar to that of the ritornello in the Italian Madrigal. ... Text was largely important in both the Renaissance and Baroque periods but the manner in which they were used var...

• Word Count: 2548
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The post war years rendered difficult for Italians, whose society took a big hit as Mussolini's government collapsed. ... Filmmakers took this advice and began to take necessary steps in order to create a natural and original style for Italy. ... In Italian neorealism, the brilliant use of nonprofessional actors by Federico Fellini and Michelangelo Antonioni allowed viewers to see a natural essence occurring in an authentic environment. ... All of these components signify freedom as a filmmaker and exemplifies his establishment as an auteur in the progression of the Second Italian Film Re...

• Word Count: 2609
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Machiavelli: The Prince Niccolo Machiavelli was born into a time of political upheaval in Italy. At the time of his birth to a wealthy Florentine lawyer in 1469, the Medici family had been ruling Italy for 35 years. The political life in Italy was characterized by instability, fear, and invasion as the small states of Italy were pulled into the wars and politics of Europe by the larger, more powerful states of France and Spain. ... He didn't become involved in Italian politics until 1498, whoever, when a second Republic was set up under Soderini. ... Before the initial attempts at a ...

• Word Count: 2744
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Throughout history, thinkers from mathematicians to artists have pondered the mysterious relationship between number and form. This relationship is captured in many ancient works of art such as the Parthenon of Greece, the Pyramids, and also in more recent works like Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa. Mathematical proportions have been conveyed in many forms of art, architecture, music, and nature that bring beauty, order and mystery to people and cultures everywhere. Looking into the past, through the millennia, we can see the use of these proportions and ratios emerge. The use of mathemat...

• Word Count: 3373
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Baroque rapidly developed into two separate forms; the strongly Roman Catholic countries (Italy, Spain, Portugal, Flanders, Bohemia, Southern Germany, Poland and Austria) tended toward freer and more active architectural forms and surfaces ; in Protestant regions (England, Netherlands, Northern Europe) architecture was more restrained and developed a sober, quiet monumentality impressive in its refinement. ... In painting and sculpture this was achieved by means of highly developed naturalistic illusionism, usually heightened by dramatic lighting effects, creating an unequaled sense of the...

• Word Count: 2647
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti * The Italian millionaire poet and writer, Emilio Angelo Carlo Marinetti (later called Filippo Tommaso), was born in Alexandria, Egypt in 1876 the second son of a rich and successful lawyer, Enrico Marinetti. ... By 1900 he had decided to devote himself entirely to Italian and French literature and poetry. ...

• Word Count: 3493
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The music of the Renaissance and Baroque periods was transitioning toward more full-bodied compositions with complex instrumentation. ... Advertisement - Continue reading below Budding Young Composer In December, 1769, Wolfgang, then age 13, and his father departed from Salzburg for Italy, leaving his mother and sister at home. ... The Italian outing was longer than the others (1769-1771) as Leopold wanted to display his son's abilities as a performer and composer to as many new audiences as possible. ... Other commissions followed and in subsequent trips to Italy, Wolfgang wrote two othe...

• Word Count: 2949
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

By itself this "Nova" may have signaled a "Nova" approach to how the heavens were viewed and Galileo may have been one of the stars of this era in triggering the explosion of investigation and philosophical teaching known as the Renaissance. ... It must be kept in mind that the Roman Catholic Church in Italy throughout this period was on the defense in response to the Protestant threat and in many ways attempted to squelch and extinguish through different means any threat to its authority. The most dangerous sources were the developing ideas and theories throughout Europe and Italy itself that...

• Word Count: 3037
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the first half of the 16th century, Western Europe experienced a wide range of social, artistic and geographically political changes that created conflict within the Holy Roman Empire. This conflict is called the Protestant Reformation, a religious and political movement that gave birth to Prote...

• Word Count: 2755
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Brazil is a very complex and interesting country. Not only is it, the largest nation in Latin America but in addition it is the most varied in geography, climate, population and culture (Rist 1). The people of Brazil are from many different backgrounds due to it being colonised by the Europeans and ...

• Word Count: 3080
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the mid-1980s, just as the new historicists, with their invocation of "the historicity of texts and the textuality of history," were transforming the way readers understood the English Renaissance, Umberto Eco's novel The Name of the Rose became both a critical success and a bestseller. (1983) Widely celebrated as a postmodern historical novel, this dazzling mixture of thick historical research and popular detective fiction invited its readers to view historical fiction as an academically respectable genre and a vehicle for recovering and reimagining the past in unconventional ways...

• Word Count: 4697
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Bertolt Brecht's Galileo Galilei, a great Renaissance scientist, was one of these men, whose ideas were constantly controlled and scrutinized by Church officials if they questioned the bible's traditional ways of thought. ...

• Word Count: 2841
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate