The Italian Renaissance was called the beginning of the modern age. ... It was at this point, during the 1430's, that the Renaissance and many of its core philosophies truly began to take off in Italy. ... Perhaps the most renowned and highly recognized achievements during the Renaissance in Italy were in the field of the fine arts. ... Their artwork was refined and masterful, and played a great role in defining the Italian Renaissance. ... Machiavelli wrote one of the most influential political books of all time, called the Prince, which is considered one of the most important works to ...

• Word Count: 1908
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Renaissance Period Perhaps one of the most famous Renaissance paintings is the Mona Lisa, painted by Italian artist, Leonardo da Vinci. ... Humanism began and achieved fruition first in Italy. ... Perhaps the most renowned and highly recognized achievements during the Renaissance in Italy were in the field of the fine arts. ... Machiavelli wrote one of the most influential political books of all time, called the Prince, which is considered one of the most important works to stem from the Italian Renaissance. ... Their artwork was refined and masterful, and...

• Word Count: 1970
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If you're going to your eternal rest in the Eternal City, as it was thought of in the Renaissance, then the belief was that you should definitely go out in style. ... The Renaissance was a golden age of church building. Italy while still divided into several different nations, was a rich and lustrous place. ... Every Renaissance church in Italy is filled with masterpieces of Funerary Art. ... By the High Renaissance, led by Michelangelo's tombs, the effigies are often sitting up, and later may stand. ...

• Word Count: 2259
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Renaissance movement had its genesis in fourteenth century Florence, Italy with the notable writer Francesco Petrarca (or Petrarch) endorsing the idea of a reawakening of the literature and learning of ancient Greece and Rome. The word 'renaissance' means rebirth. ... A basic change from the medieval methods of representing the visible world occurred in Italy during the Renaissance. ... Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian renaissance painter, scientist, musician, sculptor, mathematician, engineer and inventor (Janson, 242). ... Giotto di Bondone most regar...

• Word Count: 2474
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374) was labeled as the "founding father" of humanism" during the Italian Renaissance. ... He imitated the Latin prose of letter writing in his personal letters, enthralled to discover Cicero's Letters to Atticus in 1345 (Humanism: Italy" 1). His letters became a blueprint for humanists of the Renaissance, with letters becoming the favorite form of prose (Humanism: Italy 5). ... Humanism became a movement of sorts with the appointment of Coluccio Salutati as chancellor of Florence, Italy in 1375. ... From Florence, humanism spread throughout Italy to Venice, Mila...

• Word Count: 2321
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

During the Renaissance, astronomy was founded by a famous astronomer, Nicolaus Copernicus. ... Renaissance was also a period with an unprecedented explosion of mathematical ideas. ... Why so many great astronomical advances were achieved during the Renaissance but not before or after the Renaissance? ... Another important factor that contributed to the development of astronomy during the Renaissance was the outstanding translators, not only the translators during the Renaissance but also those before the Renaissance. ... Although Copernicus was Polish, he also spoke Latin, German, Italian and...

• Word Count: 1699
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Humanism The Renaissance, which began in Italy in 1300s, was one of the largest periods of growth and development in Western Europe. ... Such things as literature, paintings, sculptures and many more works are known to have blossomed from the period known as the Renaissance. The Renaissance was started by many rich Italian cities, such as Florence, Ferrara, Milan, and Venice (Bram 274). ... The humanist movement started in Italy, where the late medieval Italian writers Dante, Giovanni Boccaccio, and Francesco Petrarch greatly contributed to the finding and conservation of classical w...

• Word Count: 1505
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A change came from Italy in the mid 1400s when Masaccio burst onto the scene embodying all the qualities that make the Renaissance the rebirth and rediscovery of Greco-Roman art and literature. ... As time passed this artistic movement spread across Italy to Venice and Rome, and by the Sixteenth century the rest of Europe. ... Directly following this period is an interval that concluded the inspired majesty known as The Renaissance, this period is called The Late Renaissance. ... Spumato shading made it appear as if the lighter parts of the painting were coming forth from the shadows, thus its...

• Word Count: 1718
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although Bruegel painted "The Battle between Carnival and Lent" in 1559, in the latter period of the Northern Renaissance, the painting does not wholly embody aspects of Renaissance work. ... Pieter Bruegel was one of the most gifted yet mysterious painters of the Northern Renaissance, for very little is known about his life. ... Like so many of his fellow Northern artists he studied in Italy for several years, where he worked under various artists, including Guilio Cluvio, a miniaturist. ... Unlike many of his contemporaries, Bruegel refused to adopt the idealized and more secular figures ...

• Word Count: 1448
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The idea of honor was central to Shakespeare's Elizabethan England, as well as the Renaissance-era Italy portrayed in the play. Often, "honor was used to regulate behavior, social tensions, and conflict within the West European countries," (Grendler, The Renaissance). ... This over glorification of honor in Italy during the 16th century was what ultimately leads to the arrogance and ego shown by the characters in Romeo and Juliet that stimulated much of the conflict that lead up to the tragedy of the play. Back in the Renaissance, families were intricately linked with honor. ... Back in t...

• Word Count: 1351
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Within the course of two hundred years, there was four completely different statues of David created in Italy; all which are masterpieces. ... Verrocchio is ranked second only to Donatello among the Italian sculptors of the early Renaissance. ... Michelangelo (1475-1564), possibly one of the most inspired creators in the history of art and, with Leonardo da Vinci, the most potent force in the Italian High Renaissance. ... In this work, Michelangelo summarizes the sculptural innovations of his 15th-century predecessors such as Donatello, while conducting in the new monumentality of the High Ren...

• Word Count: 1406
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

I previously viewed all Renaissance paintings with an uneducated eye, solely viewing them as religious works, which I had no interest in, based upon my lack of understanding of the narratives involved, the stories of patronage or even the difficulties of the techniques used to paint them. ... From the composition, iconography, patronage, architectural representation, and painting techniques, too illustrate the influences of predecessors, images of Masaccio's Trinity are used as teaching aids to represent the Italian Renaissance. ... It is suggested in Andrew Graham Dixon, "Renaissan...

• Word Count: 1305
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

During the 19th century, the Risorgimento (resurgence or renaissance or rebirth or revival), was also known was the Italian Unification. ... The movement to unify Italy was an ideological and literary movement that consolidated different states to help push for the acknowledgment of the nation's consciousness of the Italian people, and it led to a series of political events that freed the Italian states from foreign domination and united them politically. ... I believe this event depicts the resistance to comply with the foreign reigns held on Italy, as if Adina was Italy itself saying, &...

• Word Count: 2079
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The gallery label in the museum provided important objective information about the piece including the fact that the piece was created through the commission of Cardinal Giacomo Serra, the papal legate to Ferrara (city in northern Italy). ... For example pre-renaissance elements of composition are inherently divergent than those of the Baroque period, just as the styles used in the Italian Renaissance are notably different than those in Germany during the Northern Renaissance. Taking into account all of the stylistic and compositional elements that appear in the piece, Samson Captured by the P...

• Word Count: 1253
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, one of the most important events which led to modern accounting begins in 15th century Venice, Italy, due to a number of factors. ... In addition to goods, accounting-essential intangibles such as algebra and Arabic numbers had arrived in Italy thanks to the Silk Road and the Indian Ocean trade routes, which would later make calculations and tabulations much more accessible than using Roman numerals. ... The standard Pacioli set for accounting in Renaissance-era Europe was not only good enough for five hundred years ago, it has even persisted to the modern day; any modern accountant s...

• Word Count: 1291
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

.), Renaissance (1450-1600), Baroque (1600-1750, approx.), Classical (1750-1830), Romantic (1830-1910), and 20th Century, or Modern, (1900-2000). ... During the Medieval and Renaissance periods, music was predominantly religious and works were composed to be performed as a part of a religious function, most commonly the Catholic mass. ... The fortepiano evolved out of the harpsichord and had an improved sound, with more flexibility of how loud or how soft (hence the name forte, Italian for loud, and piano, Italian for soft) the musician wanted. ...

• Word Count: 1848
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

., (4) the Albigensians of Southern France and Spain in the early Middle Ages, (5) the Italian scholastic philosopher Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century A.D., (6) the Jansenists of France in the 17th century, and (7) the Puritans in England and its American colonies during the 16th and 17th centuries. ... However, since humankind's placement at the center of the universe lay at the core of the argument for rejecting natural instincts, the Roman Christian church found it necessary to reject scientific discoveries of the Renaissance which denied humans of this exalted cosmic address. ...

• Word Count: 2074
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the same fashion as Patrick, Kirpal Singh recognizes his ethnic background in the western community of the Italian villa in The English Patient. ... In seeming contrast to the idea of the Bloor Street Viaduct demonstrating importance on ethnic differentiation, the Italian villa of The English Patient exists. ... Similarly, Kirpal dismisses his extreme racial identity as a Sikh upon arriving at the Italian villa. ... The Italian villa's walls in The English Patient are covered in trompe l"oeils. Like the popular art of the renaissance, Almasy at first is portrayed as a poor, pitiful Eng...

• Word Count: 1671
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

or carries out this investigation using two parameters in particular, the Italian virtu and fortuna. ... First, in Italian, virtu is masculine and fortuna is feminine. ... As well, Machiavelli presents the people waiting to be ruled as material, and the rule spread by the prince as structure; in Renaissance Italy, "material" and "structure" possessed traditional gender traits. ... It was only in 1512 when France, to whom Florence had professed the traditional allegiance, left Italy and Spain reentered that the republic was totally lost, and Machiavelli expelled to the country by the incomin...

• Word Count: 1699
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The movement spread across Europe and supporters of it faced violent persecution in areas such as France and the Italian Kingdoms, which were strictly Catholic. ... The Papacy controlled so much wealth during the Renaissance that popes were "held up as heroes of art and splendor, and as the very model and definition of corruption.... Under the light of the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation started a series of movements that will later on define modern Europe: the Scientific Revolution, the Age of Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution Modern Europe, and even the modern world, woul...

• Word Count: 1465
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Crane settled on Castle Hill in 1909 and by 1910 had contracted the renowned landscape architectural firm Olmstead Brothers and distinguished Boston firm Shepley, Rutland and Coolidge.6 The prominent firms were best known for their design of New York's Central Park, Boston's South Station and the Chicago Public Library.7 Crane's vision of the build was of an "Italian Renaissance Revival" consisting of stucco exteriors and expansive open-room designs, much of which is popular today in western states. Upon completion of the Italian-style villa in 1914, Florence Crane, wi...

• Word Count: 1698
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Detailed descriptions of the people, culture and architecture of Italy actually are vividly portrayed. ... Moreover, just as his father, Michelangelo Buonarroti would inherit a longevity of life during which he would encounter great people, making long-lasting friendships with some of the most famous in Europe, discovering heated rivalries and malices between the most powerful and feared men of over half a century and forge passionate eternal love affairs with the most beautiful women of Italy. ...

• Word Count: 1898
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In Renaissance Italy when succession among royalty was the form of government, the Catholic Church more specifically the manner in which the Holy Roman Pontiff was chosen mirrored that of royalty as seen through the succession of the House of Borgias becoming the Holy Pope. ...

• Word Count: 1260
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

William Shakespeare's "Othello," illustrates the Venetian society's gender and class hierarchies in seventeenth century renaissance Italy. The manipulation of stereotypical ideas of race and gender is the foundational basis of the tragedy, exposing the manner in which women are the embodiment of "pu...

• Word Count: 1464
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Cathedral Pisa, commonly known as the 'Leaning Tower of Pisa', began construction in 1173AD under supervision of Italian architect Bonanno Pisano. ... As it was out with the former medieval view and in with the philosophy, art and architecture of the ancient Greek view, the Renaissance debuted as a time capsule, allowing civilization to return to a sensory, self-conscious world rather than the 'meaningless' one that it had become. ...

• Word Count: 1820
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate