Utilitarianism, a conception of morality developed primarily by Jeremy Bentham, James Mill and his son John Stuart Mill attempts to bring back personal inclinations and interests into moral consideration. 1 It is based upon a form of hedonism, an ethical doctrine implying that the ultimate good is pleasure and what has pleasurable consequences and that the pursuit of pleasure in itself is what can be considered the 'highest good' and proper aim for human life. ...
Machiavelli, on the other hand, argues that politics is not natural, that ambitious men artificially construct political societies, and that ordinary men have a inclination to withdraw from political life and seek solitude. ...