"Europe had a nightmarish twentieth century, wracked by wars, genocide, mass deportations and ideological hatreds."2 Within its turmoil existence it has seen great changes in the way their countries are governed, the influence and power of religion, and the ideology of the European people. ... The Great Depression following World War one caused European people to live in poverty, and enforced the despair of this time, leading to original ways of thinking like existentialism. ... When the Aftermath of the Great War and World War 2 was over and life started to return to normal, the European na...

• Word Count: 1750
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

People argue that international laws and institutions result in the decline of sovereignty. ... In the sixteenth century the important fact was the declining of the authority of the church. ... The bloody Thirty Years War was ended by the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) and the conclusion of these religious wars would be determined by the secular ruler and not by an external authority, such as the Pope. ... In the addition, people argue that this rule is not a limitation, but it is a restoration of the rights of people by making them sovereign. ... The United Nations has been the most i...

• Word Count: 2410
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Since World War 2 the Nations of Switzerland and the United Kingdom have undergone many changes when it comes to security (foreign policy) and reforms of political institutions like civil rights and liberties in their Constitutions. ... For the Prime Minister alone holds the ability to declare war and or deploy British troops. ... During the New Labour reign of power, the most important decisions on foreign policy were not conducted from the Foreign Secretary but from inside the Cabinet of the Prime Minster. ... Joining the European Union was an uncharacteristic action by Great Britain for thr...

• Word Count: 1542
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He wrote immediately after the civil wars in England in the 1640s, conflicts that partially stemmed from religious fanaticism. ... Absolutism provided a strategy for survival in a frightening political world, just as predestination served as a rock of certainty in an uncertain spiritual world. ... The people are sovereign and that government officials must serve as their delegates, but at same time, in order to take part in society, the people must subjugate their individual wills to the general will. ... The end of compulsory military service enabled Catherine II (1762-1796) to enact so...

• Word Count: 1362
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Some kind of 'cost benefit analysis' is not so easy when globalisation is perhaps the most over used and under specified concept in the international policy sciences since the passing of the 'Cold War'. ... As James Wolfenson, President of the World Bank, noted '...[i]f we do not have greater equity and social justice, there will be no political stability and without political stability no amount of money put together in financial packages will give us financial stability'.2 Wolfenson's words, even if they appear to invert justice and stability as '...

• Word Count: 9082
• Approx Pages: 36
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Without any stereotypes, he described them as the people who are "so affectionate and have so little greed and are in all ways so amenable that I assure your Highnesses that there is in my opinion no better people and no better land in the world "2. Columbus was able to see inhabitants interacting in their natural surrounding, and he perceived them as people who are simple and do not look savage, although "all are populated and make war with one another "3. ... Besides uniqueness and simplicity expressed through body markings and nakedness, religion was another important part of the differenc...

• Word Count: 1345
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Most accounts centre largely on change in the social scene across Western Europe during the 16th century with intense focus on colonialism and the transatlantic slave trade as the central feature to its inception some stating "slaves were the capital that made capitalism"2. ... Firstly ships would leave Western Europe for Africa filled with goods for which sailors would exchange for slaves the most popular and important commodities were weapons and gun powder followed by textiles, pearls and other manufactured goods. ... It is estimated that between 25 and 30 million people, were tak...

• Word Count: 2679
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1500, Europe was third in population in the world, behind China and India. ... What these figures indicate is that although Europe may not have been as populous as the Orient or India, it was more successful at taking care of the people it did support. ... As late as the 1880s, however, 2 percent of the population of China consumed more than 24 percent of the national product, a statistic which indicates the high level of poverty endured by the very poor (Jones 4). ... The single most important contribution of western science is that it linked science and technology by way of the scientific...

• Word Count: 2374
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

History 185 Test #2 04-01-03 The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the era that paved the way for the creation of our modern day governments and societies, was an era of political and social revolutions. ... The French endured a long and bloody series of one single revolution also, and the world would never be the same. ... Because of the lost wars such as the War of the League of Augsburg and the Seven Years War with England, France had a war debt of half its annual budget. ... Napoleon proved to not only be a genius at war, but also at politics and domestic reform. ... This w...

• Word Count: 4395
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Turkey, a candidate for a full membership to EU, is located close to 70% of the world's oil and gas reserves. ... More importantly, Turkey would prove to be an indispensable partner and a deserving candidate for membership to the EU. ... Literature Review Whilst studying the literature on the importance of energy security and its impact on EU-Turkey relations it is possible to find some literature that lay a hand on these matters such as Mankoff's work,2 essays produced at the Center for European Reform (CER) and green papers of the European Commission on energy issues. ... Only 0...

• Word Count: 6977
• Approx Pages: 28
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The trans-Atlantic slave trade was the largest long-distance coerced movement of people in history and, prior to the mid-nineteenth century, formed the major demographic well-spring for the re-peopling of the Americas following the collapse of the Amerindian population. ... For several centuries slaves were the most important reason for contact between Europeans and Africans. ... The epidemiological impact of the Old World destroyed not only Native American societies, but also a potential labor supply. ... Among such criteria were constructions of gender, definitions of criminal...

• Word Count: 4994
• Approx Pages: 20
• Grade Level: Undergraduate