The instability in LDC are further destabilized by DC through illicit trade. ... The essay will focus on the exploitation of West Africa into the illicit drug trade. ... Theories Illicit drug trafficking can retard the economic, political, and social development of LDCs. ... Bribing is very common in the illicit market, specifically in LDCs, an example would be farmers in Africa bribed and incentivized towards drug trafficking to Russia or Europe while lacking incentive to grow legitimate crops. ... Analysis The transnational trafficking of drugs reveals corruption and injustice involved with...

• Word Count: 3255
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The illicit drug market, pre-drug war, is estimated to be a hundred billion dollar a year business. ... (Wink) Other indicators that can be easily observed such as the rise in illicit drug use by teens and children reported the Drug Enforcement Agency. In fact only twenty-eight percent of teens used illicit drug compared to a whopping forty percent in 1996. ... In the early 1900's before the prohibition of so called illicit drugs heroin and aspirin both were sold at about the same price. ... (Cundruff) This type of surge in price of illicit drugs have not reduced the need of users to cons...

• Word Count: 1653
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They are specifically involved with the prevention of drug abuse and drug trafficking. ... The Mission and Objectives of the Drug Enforcement Administration The mission of the Drug Enforcement Administration is to enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the United States and bring to the criminal and civil justice system of the United States, or any other competent jurisdiction, those organizations and principal members of organizations, involved in the growing, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substances appearing in or destined for illicit traffic in the United ...

• Word Count: 1911
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Marijuana is illegal in fifty states because of its classification as an illicit drug, but controversial issues have been established that this "illicit drug" has improved the course of treatment for suffering patients. Marijuana has beneficial effects when used in medicinal scenarios for the treatment of pain; thus it should be an administered drug for patients who can benefit from the use of this drug. ... A specialist at the National Cancer Institute authorized his patients to use the drug, but not over do it (Koch 708). With all the speculation, one would think that doctors wouldn't b...

• Word Count: 811
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The link between drug use and crime is not a new one and numerous studies show that drugs use directly relates to crime in multiple ways. ... Illegal and illicit drugs also are directly related to crime through the effects they have on the user's behavior and by generating violence and other illegal activity in connection with drug trafficking. ... The data for 1997 reveal, " that respondents arrested in the past year for possession or sale of drugs and driving under the influence had the highest percentage of illicit drug use [during] the past year" and that " illicit drug users were a...

• Word Count: 2815
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The White House Office of National Drug Control Policy concluded that Americans spent at least 57.3 billion dollars on illicit drugs between 1988 and 1995, money that could have been used to support the economy. ... Over the past few decades, studies conducted by the National Institute of Drug Abuse show that treatment does in fact work to reduce drug intake. ... Residential therapy and drug-free outpatient therapy are two short-term techniques. ... Women who use drugs often have low-self esteem and express feeling powerless. ... With the help of organizations like the National Institute of Dr...

• Word Count: 623
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Everyday billions upon billions of dollars worth of illicit drugs are smuggled into the country to take over our street corners, turn our neighborhoods into war zones, and turn children into puppets. ... America has let this happen by trying not just to prevent or even slow down, but to put a complete halt to all forms of illicit drug use and trafficking. ... While it has been proven that teenagers are more likely to be susceptible to experimenting with drugs as compared to adults (drugs being illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and ecstasy rather than alcohol and tobacco), alcohol and...

• Word Count: 1859
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

What can lead someone to become addicted to drugs? ... Being addicted to drugs is considered to be a disease that causes obsessive drug seeking and use, despite the harmful penalties to the drug and those around the users. ... It has been shown that drug abuse runs in families. ... (Pedersen, 1981)7 While these drugs are considered to be pharmacologically similar, some evidence for drug specificity was reported. ... Gender differences have been described as moderating illicit drug use, as well as repetitions of drug use (Kaplan and Johnson, 1922)8. ...

• Word Count: 1017
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Today in the United States we are so subcultural in socializing drug use; it can be anywhere from illicit drugs to licit drugs. ... Drug use by juveniles has been a revolving problem for decades; it ranges from up in drug use to low in drug use, since the 1960s. ... All drugs have certain eras; for example cocaine could be increasing in drug use but heroin could be decreasing in use. Although illicit drugs are a problem in America, the survey also shows that licit drugs are a problem too. ... A strong social institution greatly reduces the chance of deviant behavior, were the weakening of the ...

• Word Count: 1076
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It is difficult to give a brief discussion on the causes of crime, as the subject is both broad and technical. This essay provides a brief overview, in simple terms, of what is known about factors that cause crime, and the issues that could make some individuals more likely to become involved in crime than some others. It will debate the biological, psychological and sociological issues; discussing chromosome and genetic make up, the family, school performance, intelligence factors, poverty, unemployment alcohol and finally substance abuse. It will also debate various features that make some...

• Word Count: 3709
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Definition The use of illicit or illegal drugs or the abuse of prescription or over-the-counter drugs for purposes other than those for which they are indicated or in a manner or in quantities other than directed. ... While possession was made illegal, the severest penalties were reserved for illicit distribution and manufacture of drugs. ... Prescription drugs are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration and the Drug Enforcement Administration. ... See also drug addiction and drug abuse . ... It is seldom used illicitly except by doctors and other medical personnel who have ...

• Word Count: 5106
• Approx Pages: 20
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Marijuana is illegal because of its classification as an illicit drug, but there are some issues that have been established saying that this "illicit drug" has improved the treatment for suffering patients. Marijuana has lots of beneficial effects when used in medicinal settings for the treatment of pain; but it should be an administered drug for patients who can benefit from the use of this drug. ... A specialist at the National Cancer Institute authorized his patients to use the drug, but not over do it (Koch 708). With all this, one would think that doctors wouldn't be so enthusiastic ...

• Word Count: 808
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

According to the Indiana Prevention Resource Center at Indiana University [1] more than seventy percent of current illicit drug users are employed. This means that more than 10 million employees use illicit drugs, making the workplace an important environment in which to intervene with drug users and to help prevent employees from starting to use illegal drugs. ... Drug testing is primarily focused on protecting a workplace from negative effects of alcohol and other drug abuse. ... A drug testing policy should include the drugs that are being testing for, who will be tested and under what cond...

• Word Count: 2234
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When the subject of drug use is addressed, most individuals think about the abuse of narcotics - yet the topic of drug use spans a whole plethora of different categories, including legal and illegal consumption of substances. ... The population of drug users includes a wide variety of different peoples as well, one can see the use of drugs spans across a spectrum of people of various backgrounds. Other aspects relating to the frequency of drug use by individuals can also demonstrate how diverse the population of drug users is, as well as it brings up the issue of differentiating between using,...

• Word Count: 559
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Through the rise of globalization, it has become easier for criminal enterprises to move across borders in pursuit of illicit trades, while connecting with other crime syndicates across the globe. ... For example, in Mexico, there is not a major drug use problem, but it has caused a destabilizing effect within the country because of the power struggle between the drug cartels fighting for key drug distribution routes which have caused an estimated 60,000 deaths within Mexico since 2006 (BBC, 2014). ... There is no clear solution in solving America's drug problem, but serious solutions sho...

• Word Count: 1757
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ecstasy It is estimated that 94.1 million Americans of the age 12 or older has used an illicit drug at least once in their lifetimes, one of those drugs being Ecstasy. ... Like any other drug in the United States, illicit or licit, MDMA has its share of physical, mental, and emotional side effects. ... People who consume more than one drug at a time are called poly-drug users and consuming more than one drug at the same time is known as 'mixing'. ... However, mixing drugs together increases the dangers of drug taking and can result in unpredictable effects and even death because...

• Word Count: 2149
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A drug dependent welfare recipient who acquires drug treatment and effectively completes therapy will have more success finding employment when drug testing is required by a company. ... Mandatory drug testing encourages them to seek help and improve their lives by removing the element of drugs present, but it allows drug users to make the choice for such an improvement of their own lives. ... The implementation of drug testing would insure that such funds given to beneficiaries would not be utilized for the procurement of illicit drugs. ... The money saved from eliminating drug users fro...

• Word Count: 829
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Introduction The region of West Africa has a long history in the international drug trade. ... I will list and explain the most threatening drugs smuggled into West Africa. ... The roots of the West African emergence as a major transit point came in the 1960s, the era of youth rebellion, when a mass market for illicit drugs was developed in the UK and America1. ... Cocaine Cocaine is a high valued drug all over the world. ... This undercover operation resulted in the largest heroin seizure in Benin's history, and serves as an example that the illicit trade of heroin is spreading among Wes...

• Word Count: 3310
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

During recent years the local government has had to battle against guerrillas, paramilitaries, and drug traffickers. However, after the death of Pablo Escobar, the leader of the Medellin Cartel, in 1993, the violent acts perpetrated by this group and others involved in the illicit drug trade have become overshadowed by the bloody battles among opposing political groups. ... On the illicit drugs trade, Colombia is the world's leader producer of refined cocaine; providing the US with 90% of its demand. ... The Plan was originally intended to solicit aid for the peace process effort; howeve...

• Word Count: 1312
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Finally the societal reaction perspective, also known as the labeling perspective, will be applied to a specific form of deviance, illicit drug use. ... The second stage, in which the deviance is defined, can take many forms such as a homosexual, a drug addict or juvenile delinquent. ... The societal reaction perspective can be applied in a number of ways to explain how someone could be a user of illicit drugs. ... The next stage in the process is learning to interpret the effects as linked with the drug, and then to define this as a pleasurable experience. This learning process o...

• Word Count: 1737
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

INTRODUCTION Marijuana - often called pot, grass, reefer, weed, herb, mary jane, or mj - is the Nation's most commonly used illicit drug. ... Marijuana is the third most popular recreational drug of choice for Americans, exceeded only by alcohol and tobacco in popularity.3 Types of Drugs Used by Past Month Illicit Drug Users Aged 12 or Older: 2002 Marijuana penalties vary nation wide. ... The fact is Blacks and Hispanics who make up only 20 percent of the marijuana smokers in the U.S., but they comprised 58 per cent of the marijuana offenders sentenced under federal law...

• Word Count: 2773
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The using of drugs or alcohol at an unsafe and unhealthy level is not only harmful to the individual, but also to the business that has employed them. According to a recent study, 73% of illicit drug users are employed. ... Because of these startling figures, many businesses have set up drug policies and some even have their employees take random drug tests. These programs have reduced the amount of illicit drug use (among full-time workers aged 18-49) 16.7 percent in 1985 to 7 percent in 1992. Many laws have been passed that allow businesses to create these programs, such as the Drug-Free ...

• Word Count: 700
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It is now one of the most widely used illicit drugs in the world. ... The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 placed all illicit and prescription drugs into five "schedules" (categories). ... That perception led to an increase in Brown 6 overall drug use by young people, according to the "National Household Survey on Drug Abuse." Among those 12 to 17 years old, 11.4 percent reported using some illicit drug within the past month when they were surveyed last year, compared with 9 percent in 1996. ... Marijuana is popular because many teens don't see it as a dangerous drug. ...

• Word Count: 1689
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This is the amount spent annually in the U.S. on the war on drugs. Number of people arrested in 2011 in the U.S. on nonviolent drug charges: 1.53 million. ... Marijuana is undoubtedly the most popular illicit drug used in America. ... " Along with the profit of this illegal cash crop, there is an ongoing of drug lords and violence that coincides with the illegal trading of drugs. ... The drug itself does not make people violent or cause them to go out of control. ...

• Word Count: 1206
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

At six months pregnant, Helena Ayala, chooses to involve herself in the illicit drug trading business ,in which her husband ran. ... Drugs had a negative impact on Helena's life. ... The effects of her decision to participate in drug use led to her strong addiction to engage in heavier drug use. ... Caroline has a true drug addiction. ... Caroline's desire for drugs had become so strong, that she slept with dealers in trade for money and drugs. ...

• Word Count: 1296
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate