The universality of human rights emerged during the 20th century based on the belief that the basic values and principles underlying the concept of human rights are of a universal nature. Many argue that these values stem from the philosophical idea of a shared "human nature or human essence that defines who we are as humans," (Benhabib p. 26), while others argue that there is no objective lens in which to determine our "true nature". ... Even human rights agreements among the United Nations fail to include certain countries. For example, communist China and parts of the Mu...

• Word Count: 793
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Human Rights in the New Millennium Human rights issues are taking on new focus in the new millennium. ... Many bills and declarations have been written to distinguish what rights humans have by nature and what constitutes a human rights violation. ... This negligence of the international human rights community has stemmed from the division of human rights. ... Poverty is a universal human rights dilemma. ... This is where major human rights violations come into play. ...

• Word Count: 1479
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Sexual and reproductive health is undeniably at the core of being human. It ensures the continuity of the human species through reproduction. ... It is rather safe to say our sexual and reproductive health condition as humans determines the beginning or the end of life. ... This essay discusses Zimbabwe's laws, policies and social stance in relation to sexual and reproductive rights and unpacks how they impact on human rights. ... This is a most welcome development which has ensured access to health by women which is a basic human right. ...

• Word Count: 2768
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The UK constitution which is uncodified does not protect our human rights because in the UK parliament is sovereign, not the constitution. This caused the UK to adopt the European convention of human rights in 1973 that was then put into UK law in 1998. The human rights act is still relatively weak as it can be overridden by parliament, as it is sovereign. ... Nevertheless there is little evidence to show that parliament will sacrifice the convention of human rights in order to pass a bill. ... The Supreme Court then challenged certain practises in Guantanamo Bay that were deemed unconstitutio...

• Word Count: 701
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This essay will determine whether 'The European Convention on Human Rights' (ECHR) exists to guarantee legal protection to fundamental rights. ... " This argument refutes the statement that the ECHR protects fundamental human rights as Scruton's argument refers to? ... A lack of Human Rights in the UK coupled with its unwritten constitution had previously caused widespread concern, as people felt that the UK would be vulnerable in times of economic crisis (Birchall et al. 2012). ... The above demonstrates that individuals have argued their human rights based on specific ...

• Word Count: 2444
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

THE LAW OF NATURE: [II. 6] 6. ... And that all men may be restrained from invading others' rights, and from doing hurt to one another, and the law of Nature be observed, which willeth the peace and preservation of all mankind, the execution of the law of Nature is in that state put into every man's hands, whereby every one has a right to punish the transgressors of that law to such a degree as may hinder its violation. For the law of Nature would, as all other laws that concern men in this world, be in vain if there were nobody that in the state of Nature had a power to execute that...

• Word Count: 7672
• Approx Pages: 31
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The emergence of the modern state brought into being human rights. The challenge of human rights is straightly connected with the history of the modern state. ... The commands of God and the laws of nature are the main subject in his doctrine. ... Protection of human beings by recognition of human rights. ... In his view, human being is not able to divest himself of all natural rights, which he enjoys as a gift of nature. ...

• Word Count: 1043
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The theory of natural rights was developed late-17th century into early 18th century, during the Age of Enlightenment, as an extension to the enduring standard human rights debate. ... On the other hand, the theory of natural rights approaches a situation with a predetermined set of morals that states all human rights are undeniable and universal. ... Utilitarianism supports the moral concept of a greater good and the theory of natural rights supports the moral concept of basic human rights. ... This experiment highlights the difference between the two cases: the deliberate and personal natur...

• Word Count: 1392
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After World War II, Human rights have been extra vigilant in standardizing the way human beings are supposed to be treated. In 1948, there was the formation of the Human rights organization which was called the UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) to fight for what was considered to infringe human rights. ... The UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) 19 article five states clearly that no one is supposed to be subjected to cruelty or torture, whether degrading treatment or inhuman or punishment. ... Therefore, corporal punishment does not comply with the Universal Declaration Hu...

• Word Count: 1660
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Human rights violations are rampant all over the world, whether you are in the most wealthy and cultivated of countries, or the poorest and most barren. ... Some examples of the specific violations to the basic assumed rights of human beings include: Impunity in the TNI (Tentara Nasional Indonesia), Political prisoners, freedom of speech and the presses. ... However, there is still ardent reports and commentary of a critical nature, in scales completely unheard of during Soeharto s reign. ...

• Word Count: 600
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

INTRODUCTION The United Nations Human Rights Council (HRC) was established in 2006 to promote and protect human rights across the globe. ... Its members believed that the individual rights of human beings were ˜absolute and inherent'. ... This body of world leaders compiled a document containing 30 articles defining basic human rights which we now know as ˜The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. ... Years of dissatisfaction of the Human Rights Commission resulted in the UN in 2006 created a new institution namely the Human Rights Council. ... A sharing of the best human...

• Word Count: 3189
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In her novel "Frankenstein," Mary Shelley asks her audience to consider the limits to which we can expand the category of human nature, and if her creature might be best understood as "human". ... In this paper I build upon Reese's arguments in order to suggest that Frankenstein's creature is technically human and that he deserves the same rights that humans have. ... Victor literally takes the body parts of the deceased humans and uses them, thus technically making this beast a "human". ... If this does not make him human, then society as whole should question th...

• Word Count: 2008
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Individuals who are pro-life believe that abortion is murder and that human life begins at conception; that an unborn fetus is an equal human being (Boland & Kazive, 2003). ... Therefore, those that oppose abortion believe that these are all human qualities, which enhances their belief that human life begins immediately at conception, and that human life does not depend on the size or place of residence, being the womb (Cook & Dickens, 2003). ... Human Rights and Human Dignity The most recent evaluation of abortion laws have been motivated by the human and reproductive rights entitled to wome...

• Word Count: 1489
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

An excerpt from Peter Cave's Should We Save the Jerboa echoes this idea; "Some of us see beauty in sunsets a beauty that is valuable and would still exist even without humans around to appreciate"." (28) It is indisputable that nature is still beautiful even if human beings never existed to appreciate that beauty. ... It is human nature that we love and care for each other. However, killing, cheating, lying and stealing are also characteristic to human nature. ... If all humans were entitled to natural rights regardless of their behavior, some humans would inevitably follow their patholog...

• Word Count: 1114
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Defining gender violence as a violation of human rights is a relatively new approach to the problem. ... However, attention gradually shifted from peace to human rights, with a growing interest in defining violence against women as a human rights offense expressed in the 1980 Copenhagen and 1985 Nairobi meetings. ... At the 1993 UN Conference on Human Rights in Vienna, sponsored by the High Commission on Human Rights, this issue became even more important (see Schuler 1992). ... The concluding document, the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, formally recognized the human rights of...

• Word Count: 9630
• Approx Pages: 39
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Islamic people used nature poetically to express the world around them, because nature displayed the wisdom of God and all creates were governed by divine law. ... Copernicus's idea that the earth was not the center of the universe removed was an influencing factor in Ortelius's depiction, because he shows humans as being complements to the world of nature. ... Saddam Hussein and his clique was said to have weapons of mass destruction, was supporting terrorist attacks, and was deeply violating the human rights of the general population. ... In an interview, he said "The reas...

• Word Count: 745
• Approx Pages: 3
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

" The United Nations, similarly, does not approve of torture, claiming in Article Five of their Human Rights declaration that: "No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.... Cost-benefit analysis can be found in nature and has evolutionary and biological origins. ... Humans, the researchers found, are the most aggressive species due "to a high benefit-to-cost ratio for intra-specific aggression" (Georgiev et al.). ... Some claim that it is an unspoken rule that is understood in human nature – that if you run with a ...

• Word Count: 1327
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

" The United Nations, similarly, does not approve of torture, claiming in Article Five of their Human Rights declaration that: "No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.... Cost-benefit analysis can be found in nature and has evolutionary and biological origins. ... Humans, the researchers found, are the most aggressive species due "to a high benefit-to-cost ratio for intra-specific aggression" (Georgiev et al.). ... Some claim that it is an unspoken rule that is understood in human nature – that if you run with a ...

• Word Count: 1327
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If humans have rights and if foetuses are human (based on their claim) then the foetus must have the same level of rights as the mother. ... It is a disputable claim due to the very definition of what is human. ... In the following paragraph, the authors provided reasons on why the nature of the foetus may be in question. ... The term human suggests the characteristics of men and woman at their most mature. So before said maturity they are not considered human. ...

• Word Count: 2419
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to separation" (Jefferson, Franklin, Sherman, Adams, Livingston, 1776). ...

• Word Count: 517
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Independent journalism implies a human right which must be granted in every democratic society. As stated in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), every human being has the basic right of expressing their opinions and ideas freely through any media and without interference. ... Clearly, China´s laws are violating basic human rights. ... In this way, how could journalists perform the nature of their job? ... It is not only a human right which should be granted, but also a prominent media through which people can perceive truth from different perspectives and at the ...

• Word Count: 853
• Approx Pages: 3
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If even a small group of people begin to boycott a certain brand or product, the effect is felt around the globe because of the intertwined nature of international trade. ... Some corporations have begun offering "Fair Trade" coffee that supposedly is grown and produced in an economic and human rights climate that is fair to the local citizens where the coffee is produced. ... If there were no demand for products from countries with human rights violations, then there would not be a supply, either. ... (Happel 2004) Once again, consider the idea of trading with a country that is not providing ...

• Word Count: 2625
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If even a small group of people begin to boycott a certain brand or product, the effect is felt around the globe because of the intertwined nature of international trade. ... Some corporations have begun offering "Fair Trade" coffee that supposedly is grown and produced in an economic and human rights climate that is fair to the local citizens where the coffee is produced. ... If there were no demand for products from countries with human rights violations, then there would not be a supply, either. ... (Happel 2004) Once again, consider the idea of trading with a country that is not providing ...

• Word Count: 2629
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Later John Locke went to Holland because of there was suspected radicalism in the government while there he wrote the Essay Concerning Human Understanding which examines the nature of the Human mind and the processes by which it sees it sees the world. ... Soon men came together under a social contract between every member in order to gain advantages they could not have by themselves in a state of nature. ... There should a known law understood by all people to be the standard of right and wrong and use them to decide controversies between them.In this state of nature there should be a judge w...

• Word Count: 1108
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights states that "Surveillance must be: limited by the statute and clearly defined in nature and scope; narrowly tailored to address legitimate governmental objectives, such as threats to national security; subject to independent oversight systems to prevent abuse; and applied irrespective of nationality.... The United States needs to begin regaining its human rights leadership role and should put in effect its foreign policy in the United States and realize that privacy is a human right. However, the NSA's surveillance program does...

• Word Count: 829
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate