The challenge of human rights is straightly connected with the history of the modern state. ... In general, state is a guarantor of human rights that has to protect individuals, however, as can be seen in the history, the state have infringed the rights of citizens. ... The German Empire under the Constitution of 1871 and France's Third Republic of 1871 had in their constitution any sections dealing with fundamental rights of the citizen. ...

• Word Count: 1043
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

We start with Article II of the United States Constitution, which outlines the powers and duties of the Executive. ... A wartime president deemed that a certain group of citizens, in this case citizens around the DC area, an imminent enough danger to suspend certain rights applied by the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. ... Justice Owen Roberts wrote in his dissent that this "is the case of convicting a citizen as a punishment for not submitting to imprisonment in a concentration camp, based on his ancestry, and solely because of his ancestry, without evidence or inquiry...

• Word Count: 1503
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

With different developments of law enforcement related to each individual country's individual development throughout history, new innovative strategies in regards to law enforcement constantly arise. ... The German Supreme Court is in charge of all judicial reviews, and anything in regards to the constitution. ...

• Word Count: 1183
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

History and role of the Warsaw Pact The Warsaw Pact was dominated by the Soviet Union. ... In December 1989, the Sejm approved the government's reform program to transform the Polish economy rapidly from centrally planned to free-market, amended the constitution to eliminate references to the "leading role" of the Communist Party, and renamed the country the "Republic of Poland." ...

• Word Count: 2078
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

During his few weeks as Vice President, Harry S. Truman barely saw President Roosevelt, and received no briefing on the development of the atomic bomb or the unfolding difficulties with Soviet Russia. Suddenly these and a host of other wartime problems became Truman's to solve when, on April 12, 194...

• Word Count: 2478
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Through much of history, the strength of a nation has been determined by the strength of its leader. ... Despite the constitution defining the actions as treason, no persons were executed and Hashimoto only spent twenty odd days in confinement. ... Hirohito's excuse for his lack of action has always been that he did not want to damage the constitution by seizing control of the military despite the constitution clearly stating the action was justified as long as a single member of the war ministry agreed which there was. ...

• Word Count: 5382
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In both instances, under one ruling, the court, consistent with the sexually conservative morals of the time ruled in favor of the government, stating: "The protection given speech and press was fashioned to assure unfettered interchange of ideas for the bringing about of political and social changes desired by the people but implicit in the history of the First Amendment is the rejection of obscenity as utterly without redeeming social importance"#. To put it more simply, the First Amendment was designed to protect speech having even the slightest redeeming social importance, "even ideas ha...

• Word Count: 3509
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Joseph Stalin was the soviet communist leader who's passing molded an era, and whose iron rule determined the lives of millions of people. Considering that he shaped the direction of post-World War II Europe, we may regard him as the most powerful person to live during the 20th century. Joseph Stalin was born Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili on December 21, 1879, in Gori, Georgia . Both his parents were peasants. His father, Vissarion Dzhugashvili, was a cobbler, hopping that one day his son will be apprenticed in the same trade; his mother, Yekaterina ...

• Word Count: 7507
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate