Upon ratification of the United States Constitution, in 1789, this agreed upon a form of government put into effect, and has operated as the government of the United States ever since. ... A sixth classification of powers incorporated the national government and its power to make all laws that were necessary yet anti-federalist argued the clause of "necessary and proper" and wanted specifications which Madison believed to be impossible. Another restriction imposed on the states was salutary that any law Congress passed, it would bind he state tot hat law. ... They shall inherit the power ...

• Word Count: 1599
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Many aspects of day-to-day life in America however, are anything but private due to new laws that allow government agencies as well as private citizens to track individuals using high tech equipment. ... Gottfried points out that the methods used by law enforcement to catch criminals often interfere with the lives of law-abiding citizens as well. ... Therefore the privacy of innocent people along with the suspect is being invaded by law enforcement. ... Despite their rulings in favor of personal privacy the Supreme Court has also upheld laws that deny privacy to individuals. ... By making ...

• Word Count: 2150
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As a pre-law major, I am always interested in writing essays that are involved in law or any legal issues. This semester, I am taking a class about the Constitutional Law and Civil Rights. ... Many people are not familiar how Constitutions are interpreted to justify our current laws. ... The British colonial government gave the colonist's a bitter memory by abusing their civil rights. ... It is very important to mention the non-government side's argument of capital punishment. ...

• Word Count: 1056
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It was originally intended to apply only to the federal government, while the individual states would have their own sets of laws that they would follow. However over time, the Constitution began to apply to the states as well as the federal government. ... No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. " The language of that section seemingly...

• Word Count: 2594
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Sexual harassment, in law, consists of deliberate and unwelcome sexual advances, unwanted requests for sexual favors, and certain other offensive conduct of a sexual nature. ... A number of countries, including the United States and Canada, have laws against sexual harassment. Laws recognize two types of employment-related sexual harassment: (1) quid pro quo and (2) hostile environment. ... Title IX of the federal Education Amendments of 1972 bans gender discrimination "and therefore sexual harassment "in any educational program funded by the federal government. ... Federal and pro...

• Word Count: 309
• Approx Pages: 1
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Supreme Court found this law unconstitutional and the two men who filed the lawsuit Lawrence and Garner won their case. ... For this fairness to transpire, all people must be subject to the same laws, have equal civil rights, and be allowed to freely express their ideas. ... In reality, they interpret laws and the Constitution using their power of judicial review, the power explicitly given to them in Marbury v. ... Furthermore, most of what the federal government does never reaches the public. ... The legitimacy of the United States government is limited, but in a system of government ...

• Word Count: 1183
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This clause put the federal law above state law. ... The court had the power over the constitution and the laws of the states, therefore the states cannot control them (the government) and tax the bank. ... Also the state government created and enforced laws disagreeing with federal laws. ... In this court case, it showed how the government was creating and enforcing laws although they disagreed on federal laws like using steamboats for interstate commerce. ... Different clauses and laws also will help different business areas and be modified to make the economy grow. ...

• Word Count: 896
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Constitutional Law Marbury v Madison Marbury v. ... Based on the type of government intended by the Constitution, the government is expected to protect individual liberty. As Marshall says, "[The government] will certainly cease to deserve [to be termed a government of laws, and not of men] if the laws furnish no remedy for the violation of a vested right." ... The Supreme Court is the only branch of government that could act to strengthen the national government during the early history of the Constitution. ... If an early Congress had passed a law which a state government objected to, the s...

• Word Count: 1148
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Constitution prescribes the legitimate powers of the national government, reserves others to the states, and protects individuals from governmental invasion of their freedoms of religion, speech, press, and other rights. ... Moreover, it places the burden of proof on the person(s) disagreeing with the law. As such, the person(s) must convince the Court that the law has no rational or justifiable governmental goals. ... Under such scrutiny, the government's objective must not merely rely upon the argument that a law compromises an individual's rights because of historical stereotyp...

• Word Count: 439
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Currently, in America, it is very evident that corporations have a major influence on the government. ... Many law changes and Supreme Court rulings have been made over the past century which have given corporations the advantages they have today and these advantages have rapidly increased over the past thirty years. ... One tactic they use to make their goals easy to attain is high pressure lobbying on the government. ... One of the many ways a government can get swayed towards a decision is by a lobby. The more influential the people of the lobby are to the government, the more likely the go...

• Word Count: 628
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Facing a crisis, the federal government vainly attempted to achieve a balance between the regions. ... Her antislavery sentiments originated in the morals of the Second Great Awakening and were heightened by the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law. ... However, Uncle Tom's Cabin profoundly affected the North, fueling antislavery sentiments and passionate denials of the Fugitive Slave Law. ... Two opposing governments and settlers" feuds over land claims escalated into violence. ... The government was not fulfilling its obligations to protect the interests of its people; thus, the people mus...

• Word Count: 1316
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Facing a crisis, the federal government vainly attempted to achieve a balance between the regions. ... Her antislavery sentiments originated in the morals of the Second Great Awakening and were heightened by the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law. ... However, Uncle Tom's Cabin profoundly affected the North, fueling antislavery sentiments and passionate denials of the Fugitive Slave Law. ... Two opposing governments and settlers" feuds over land claims escalated into violence. ... The government was not fulfilling its obligations to protect the interests of its people; thus, the people mus...

• Word Count: 1330
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Facing a crisis, the federal government vainly attempted to achieve a balance between the regions. ... Her antislavery sentiments originated in the morals of the Second Great Awakening and were heightened by the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law. ... However, Uncle Tom's Cabin profoundly affected the North, fueling antislavery sentiments and passionate denials of the Fugitive Slave Law. ... Two opposing governments and settlers" feuds over land claims escalated into violence. ... The government was not fulfilling its obligations to protect the interests of its people; thus, the people mus...

• Word Count: 1330
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Perhaps this suggests that a constitution, however robust can never unfailingly uphold rights - during exceptional periods such as wars the refinements of constitutional law are ignored. ... However, in the modern day the state is generally expected to provide to its citizens much more than just the protection of basic liberty through positive rights limiting government interference and the maintenance of law and order. As the scope of government has grown so have expectations. ... Congress introduced a law in 1895 to raise an income tax, yet it was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Cou...

• Word Count: 1663
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Kennedy signed a bill forcing government contractors to extinguish discrimination due to race, religion or national origin. Since that law came into existence, many changes have taken place to provide a broader scope of protection for what the government calls protected class members. ... Since that law came into existence, many changes have taken place to provide a broader scope of protection to what the government calls the "protected class." ... Government was unable to ignore the issues any longer without a great penalty. Compassion to help the underprivileged also attributed to governm...

• Word Count: 1980
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There are many alternative ways the government can promote equality within the educational system. ... In the same court case, it was stated by Michigan Law School's expert that "in 2000, 35 percent of underrepresented minority applicants were admitted. ... If affirmative action is considered constitutional under strict scrutiny, these statistics should not exist in a law-abiding university. ... "Undoubtedly[,] there are other ways to better the education of law students aside from ensuring that the student body contains a critical mass of underrepresented minority students. The Law Sc...

• Word Count: 2129
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The criminal Law had universal application, however written civil law was only for whites, while customary law applied to the natives. ... In order to pass legislation, laws are drafted by members. ... If in the consideration of the basis of the law the parliament decides to adopt the law, it can pass without necessarily being sent for examination first. ... It is based on three pillars of Belgian Civil Law, Traditional Law (in the Gacaca Courts) and is attempting to move towards common law in an attempt to modernize. ... Vertically, there has been an increase of mutual accountability betwee...

• Word Count: 1492
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It is the primary, essential limit on the power of government to inquire into people's lives, arrest them, and take their property. It is also what prevents governments and their agents from invading citizens' privacy. ... Basically, Lawrence and Garner believe the anti-sodomy law is a discriminatory standard since, according to the law, certain kinds of sex acts were immoral for homosexuals but not for heterosexuals. ... Thus, since anti-sodomy laws like Texas" single out homosexuals, they are denied equal treatment under the law. According to John Locke, it is the government'...

• Word Count: 930
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These nine justices have the power to decide whether or not a law is constitutional. ... Thus, these judges have been chosen by the people, as all high ranking officials ought to be, in a democratic government. ... This also means that unlike the other branches of government which are rotated regularly, the justices see many terms come and go. ... Each of the three branches of government has certain checks and balances over the other two branches. In terms of the judicial branch, their responsibility is to dictate whether or not a law is constitutional. ...

• Word Count: 710
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

At the time segregation of whites and blacks was legal, as part of the governments "separate but equal" stance. ... Its goal was to end discrimination against any employee by the government and its contractors. ... In an effort to both diversify and meet government regulations on affirmative action, larger companies may have departments devoted solely to ensuring these laws are followed. ... While some companies use a quota to ensure diversity, and dodge local, state or government fines that is not the intent. ... It is the goal of the government to have companies evaluate its employees, an...

• Word Count: 2301
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, in 1873, the equality policies, implemented in the south by the federal government, were overturned and replaced with a system of legal segregation. The imposition of segregation, or Jim Crow laws, stripped African Americans of many of the rights they had gained during the 19th century. ... On July 7, 1964, following one of the longest debates in senate history, Johnson signed the bill into law. ... Backed by law, the EEOC now held firm ground in the United States. ... In some cases, affirmative action was indirectly forced upon these schools by the government. ...

• Word Count: 1839
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The government recognized that educational opportunities to be as significant as those relating to employment. ... Over the course of the following years, the state of California did many things to implement affirmative action within it's own government. ... Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled against the University of Texas, deciding that its law school's policy of considering race in the admissions process was a violation of the Constitution's equal-protection guarantee. ... But as history has shown, affirmative action has been defined, modified and removed in som...

• Word Count: 1414
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Because of this disagreement of interpretation, it is complicated to decide on what laws are constitutional or not, and as a result numerous cases are brought to the Supreme Court to settle these disputes. ... This statue was part of a fundamental government program and had no specific religious intentions and did not give any group special privileges. ... The Establishment Clause found in the first article of the First Amendment in the Constitution forbids the government to create any laws that respect the formation or "establishment" of any religion. This clause does not permit th...

• Word Count: 3421
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Right to Equal Protection Under the Law The Fifth and Sixth Amendments of the Constitution attempt to protect the defendant from the tyranny of the government and its executive powers. ... The Fifth and Sixth amendments are in place to guarantee that all citizens receive a fair and equal opportunity to defend themselves in a court of law. ... The original purpose of these rights was to safeguard against torture and beaten confessions as was a problem in English law. ... This further protects the defendant against a biased jury and from a hasty and incorrect conviction by an ill-intent...

• Word Count: 1330
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Having an abortion should be legal without any sort of encumbrance upon the federal government, state governments, and the citizens because it should be up to one's personal discretion. ... Amendment Fourteen states " nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. . . " ("Citizenship. . . " 1). ... Involving the government in this type of decision eliminates the privacy guaranteed to the people by the government. ... Embryos and fetuses are not yet developed human beings and therefore cannot receive the equal protection under the law as...

• Word Count: 1391
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate