NPC has extensive power including the amendment of the constitution, passage and amendment of legislation, approval of economic plans and government work reports, and appointment of top state and government leaders. ... As to lawmaking, all important laws, constitutional amendments, and political laws submitted to the NPC or its Standing Committee must have prior approval by the party center. ... Party core groups are the mechanisms to promote party leadership over leaders in their government host structure. ... Rule by Law: the principle of "rule of law" is the protection of individ...

• Word Count: 1215
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Through coercive tactics this new government seized power and in 1917 Lenin came to power. ... Lenin's government made many achievements. It ended a long civil war against the remnants of the old Czarist military system and established institutions in government. ... The economic status of the Soviet Union was yet again changed and the entire system became controlled by the government. ... He begins a program called "Perestroika" which was the organizational restructuring of the Soviet economy and government apparatus. ...

• Word Count: 3016
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They protested the new government in Ukraine and showed support to Russia. ... Other countries, like the UK and the U.S.A., felt that the act of Russia in sending military troops to the peninsula of Crimea was unnecessary and, in fact, violative of the principles of the international law. The Russian government, despite oppositions, continued to send troops. ... The Prime Minister of Ukraine Arseniy Yatsenyuk even proclaimed the dismissal of the referendum for being illegal under the law of the land and of the international law. ... In order to fully understand the actions of the Russian gov...

• Word Count: 2409
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The event has significance in that it was the first time the government used terror with such intensity, rather than reform. ... The event presented the government as using terror ineffectively to preserve autocracy, in that era due to the numerous revolutionary groups; such force only backlashed which ruined support for the Tsar. ... The manifesto promised a more democratic constitution ' no law can come into force without its approval by the State Duma and that the elected representative will play a real part', which could have gained more support, however the Tsar renounced these...

• Word Count: 1853
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The government began to seek closer ties with the West in order to improve the economic conditions in the country. The People's Assembly approved an interim basic law in April 1991. Short-lived governments introduced initial democratic reforms throughout 1991. ... Two attempts by the communists to form governments failed, however. ... For the first time in more than 40 years, Poland had a government led by noncommunists. ...

• Word Count: 2078
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In May of 1917, the reformed provisional government took control of power. The provisional government attempted to continue the war effort. ... The Petrograd Soviet of Workers" and Soldiers" Deputies, a huge collection of soldiers, workers and socialist, constantly weakened the provisional government with its own laws and orders. ... With this new political and military confidence, Trotsky began attacks on key government buildings, such as the Winter Palace, and provisional government officials. ... These eighteen self-proclaimed governments were constantly challenging the Bolshevik gove...

• Word Count: 975
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Joseph McCarthy burst onto the scene at the forefront of this fiasco, claiming that the United States government was replete with communist spies or sympathizers. ... The Senator continued on his crusade to rid the government of all who had "anti-American" views. ... McCarthy was careful to only reveal these accusations within the senate where he was immune to the laws against slander (Murray 38). ... As the American government advanced further into a phase of turmoil, economic effects began rendering themselves within the nation. ... Apart from government spending, the Red Scare had an ef...

• Word Count: 1414
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Dissatisfaction at government was exaggerated among the lower class. ... Workers gathered and formed non-government organizations to fight against the communist government. ... The organizations were secretly supported by western government. A report of Polish Government in 1987 stated that U.S. ... Government's dishonesty triggered people's high indignation toward the government. ...

• Word Count: 1863
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The purpose of the commission was to clarify the laws of the Russian state since laws had been put into effect previously, without the knowledge of many Russian citizens. ... By telling them that there is no other form of government that would be able to do a better job than "the ruler of Russia" she is letting them know that she is their best option and giving them no hope of legislative reform. ... However, this was only necessary to force the nobles to join the military, and now that the nobility were entering the service on their own, because of their love for the father land, that this...

• Word Count: 1192
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The purpose of the commission was to clarify the laws of the Russian state since laws had been put into effect previously, without the knowledge of many Russian citizens. ... By telling them that there is no other form of government that would be able to do a better job than "the ruler of Russia" she is letting them know that she is their best option and giving them no hope of legislative reform. ... However, this was only necessary to force the nobles to join the military, and now that the nobility were entering the service on their own, because of their love for the father land, that this...

• Word Count: 1036
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Conversely, it could be argued that the different governments between 1917 and 1928 (Provisional Government, Bolsheviks, Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries) were political transitional periods, and although were not long-lived were stages of the new society in Russia. ... The NEP made it so peasants had to give the government a fixed amount of produce as tax, but were aloud to sell surplus for profit. ... The Tsar could not accept their "radical" demands; equality of all citizens before the law, land reform, universal and free education, more equitable distribution of the tax burden. ...

• Word Count: 926
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Currently there are no international laws banning nuclear weapons, but there are restrictions on testing these weapons. ... For instance, if India does not adhere, the government keeps on testing; Pakistan would match test for test. ... If a radical group with a hatred of the Indian government were to take power, an all-out war would be imminent, possibly nuclear. ... There are definite fears throughout the Russian government if the U.S. builds this ABM system. ... The Russian government quickly shot this down, as they could not compete technically or monetarily with the United States. ...

• Word Count: 2631
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Solidarity, an anti-Communist trade union and social movement, had forced Poland's Communist government to recognize it in 1980 through a wave of strikes that gained international attention. In 1981, Poland's Communist authorities, under pressure from Moscow, declared martial law, arrested Solidarity's leaders, and banned the democratic trade union. ... The movement simply went underground, and the rebellious Poles organized their own civil society, separate from the Communist government and its edicts. ... In Hungary, the Communist government initiated reforms in 1989 th...

• Word Count: 2359
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Together with other hybrid of international agencies, national governments and voluntary international nongovernmental organizations, the UNHCR has positioned itself to fulfil its mandate and obligations to refugees in spite of all odds. ... But these religious persecutions gradually faded as most people in Europe became more politically sensitive with strong political affiliations and tenacious resistance to their new revolutionary style governments. These revolutionary style governments were seen in countries like France, Germany, Poland and Russia. ... State sovereignty became for the fir...

• Word Count: 4488
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They pointed to evidence of the Soviets objective to support and set up governments in Eastern European countries that reflected not only their communist views, but also the Soviet way of running those governments through a " return to doctrinal belligerence by Russian leaders. In the view of the Orthodox, the distinction between the Soviets and the US was that the United States didn't really have an active role in the precipitation of the Cold War; rather, the US was somewhat harmless and only interested in making sure that peace and order were achieved in the region by countries being a...

• Word Count: 1800
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Other measures he took that ended in it being cut in half was his "Enterprise Law", limiting central planning, cutting the powers of economic ministries, placing factories on self-financing and telling the to produce quality goods at a profit, tie wages and performance together, and expand peasantry private land. Although these were all large steps, Gorbachev still did not understand that to reform any economy, you must end the system of the government setting prices. He essentially created a democratic economy with communist government principles which is taking only half a step. ....

• Word Count: 1666
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A parallel development was the replacement of the old centralized style of government with a multiparty system of government of the kind found in Western Europe. ... However, the rapid move to a democratic form of government and the ongoing transition to a market economy destroyed the status quo without replacing it with an accepted and workable alternative. ... Problems facing the herding sector after decollectivisation are presented in a de-politicised context and shown as a failure of the government and herders prior to 1990, and "by extension as a result of the continuation of such...

• Word Count: 2388
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The peasants and the urban workforce were always linked and the growth of politics within this workforce led them to be quickly turned against the government especially the restrictions that the government had set against their protests and retaliations. ... The rebellion against the royal family was totally banned by the government and so the ones seeking reform of the government were pushed to the limits. Even though there were those seeking peaceful revolution, the banning of the government only pushed for extreme measures in the end. ... Ineffective Government Tsar's government was t...

• Word Count: 3845
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The first major effect on Russian politics, and perhaps the most counterintuitive, was the implementation of a semi-democratic government. In almost every Russian city, a local congress-like body made up of all male citizens called a veche, was used in order to legislate laws. The veche was responsible for things such as law making and deciding the fates of the local princes. ...

• Word Count: 1372
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Thus states would not respect their political obligations unless the fear of punishment is present, the need for states to have power, economic and military, is necessary to bind governments to upholding treaties, international laws, and alliances. ... The U.S. government also promised if one of the U-2 spy planes were fired upon orders would be give for an attack on the Cuban SAM missile sites. ...

• Word Count: 1392
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Khrushchev marked four problems with this phenomenon: - Violations of law and mass repression; - Failures and subjective decisions of Stalin during World War II; - Breach of the principle of collective leadership in the Party; - Stalin's actions aimed to exalt his role in the history of the Party and the state. ... In Budapest, in the literary club Petofi, the calls for a change of government had sounded. ...

• Word Count: 846
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The first departure from this policy occurred in 1967 when Willie Brandt, the then Foreign Minister for West Germany, established diplomatic relations with Romania and Yugoslavia, who both recognised the government in East Germany. Willie Brandt was later to become Chancellor at the head of a new government in 1969, and soon after his accession, he was to embark upon Ostpolitik, recognising the East German government, accepting the new Polish frontier along the Oder-Neisse line, and improved relations between the West Germans and the Soviets. ...

• Word Count: 1917
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Therefore, the purpose of the UNESCO was defined as: " to contribute to peace and security by promoting collaboration among nations through education, science and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, for the rule of law and for the human rights and fundamental freedoms () without distinction of race, sex, language or religion" (UNESCO.com, 2013, online). ... The protection offered by UNESCO to the WH sites consists in a regular observation in order to prevent any deterioration; if UNESCO discovers a worsening of the condition of the site, can oblige the local g...

• Word Count: 1888
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Constitution, which approved equivalent defense of the law to any person in its authority. ... Kennedy, seen as the first president to support civil rights, took office in January 1961; and the Brown ruling was still the official law of the land" (U.S. ... Governor Ross Barnett and other state executives pursued disregarding the Supreme Court verdict, inciting a constitutional calamity amongst the federal government and the state of Mississippi. ...

• Word Count: 2157
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A certain role in the development of the situation in this area has played and the position occupied by formally independent (from the USSR), the governments of Eastern European countries. ... One result of the war was the US economic leap, predefined and adequate growth of their political ambitions in world politics, what mood prevailed in government circles of America B. ... In a series of measures designed to strengthen the military power of the United States, and has been adopted by the US Congress in the summer of 1946 a law on the formation of a peacetime army based on conscription. ...

• Word Count: 4151
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Undergraduate