Britain wanted Germany to recover. ... The main issues discussed were the frontiers of a postwar Poland and its future government. ... As the Russians pushed the Germans out of Poland they backed the establishment of a communist government in Lublin, even though there was a Polish government-in-exile in London. ... This new government should then be called the Polish Provisional Government of National Unity- (15). ... It was agreed that countries occupied by Germany, including her allies, were to be free to elect their own governments. ...

• Word Count: 3287
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A totalitarian government is a "modern autocratic government in which the state involves itself in all facets of society, including the daily life of its citizens" (Bartleby). ... In Germany, Hitler led members of the National Socialist group, also known as the Nazis. ... The chaos which followed WWI allowed totalitarian governments to be founded in Russia, Italy, and Germany. ... The governments also have a monopoly of all weapons of mass destruction and guns. ... There have been many totalitarian states throughout the course of history including Germany, Italy, Russia, and China. ...

• Word Count: 1139
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Manpower The German Army in the east drowned in "vast reservoirs of Soviet blood." ... His repeated military blunders "assured Germany's loss of the war." ... Weather On October 2nd 1941 German troops marched on Moscow, with only 90,000 Russian soldiers defending the capital, the government was preparing to evacuate. ... Swamped mud tracks did not support German trucks designed for French roads. ... Their success is evidenced in the occupying German forces retaining collectivized farms under German occupation . ...

• Word Count: 2415
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In fact, no Russian citizen could leave the country without special government permission. ... Once in office, he took the title of Fuhrer and assumed absolute control of the government and absolute sovereignty over all Germans in Europe. ... His metaphor shows how the new German government took control of every aspect of German society, similar to Stalin's regime in Russia. It shows how all-German states were abolished, all opposing political parties ceased to exist, and how the government regulated the racial make up of the country. The government created the National Labor Front, which...

• Word Count: 2251
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In Austria and Germany there was a wave of strikes, "a spontaneous movement of workers generated by a sudden reduction of bread rations" (Julius Braunthal) however "with strikes alone you can't compel an imperialist government to sign revolutionary peace proposals" (Otto Bauer). ... One such alliance was the treaty of Rapallo with Germany "the German Bourgeois government has an implacable hatred of the Bolsheviks, but such is its international position that against its own desires the government is driven towards peace with Soviet Russia" (Lenin). ... As a re...

• Word Count: 1433
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Eastern Block members were: Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, the former USSR and the former Czechoslovakia. ... One major hotspots o conflict was Germany, particularly Berlin. Arguably, the most vivid symbol of the Cold War was the Berlin Wall, isolating West Berlin (the portion controlled by West Germany and allied with France, England and the United States) from East Germany, which completely surrounded it. Many East Germans risked death attempting to cross the defences surrounding the wall to reach freedom in West Berlin, and many were killed in the attempt. ... Two att...

• Word Count: 2078
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

His opposition party having been eliminated in that way, his next challenge was to undermine the central government of Germany. ... Furthermore, he claimed that the rest of the nationalist Germans supported him in that belief that "the volkisch parties, the monarchists, and the conservatives all continued to view that same government as a collection of Jewish communists" (Flood 85). Whether or not the groups cited by Hitler actually felt that way about the central government, however, is highly doubtful. But this was neither the first time, nor the last time, that Hitler would make direct ...

• Word Count: 2487
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

By 1948, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Albania and Yugoslavia all had Communist governments. ... This was further reiterated by the Berlin Blockade in the same year, when Stalin blockaded the German city of Berlin for 11 months in response to the allies plans to unify their occupation zones in Germany and establish the country, Western Germany. ... Firstly, for three years, Russia fought the war against Germany alone and unaided from the west. ... In Yalta, it was agreed that Russia would be allowed to set up a government of their choice in Eastern Europe. However, Truma...

• Word Count: 816
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Germany's attitudes were of hope, like Lenin's, but for different reasons. Germany believed that revolution was disaster to a country and by allowing Lenin and his compatriots to return they were helping to spreading Revolution. ... Although Lenin did not play a significant role in the February Revolution, his role in the second revolution, "a planned coup" where a provisional government was overthrown, was vital. ... The continuing failures of the Provisional Government saw the Bolshevik rise to power, eventually seizing the Winter Palace and taking power. ... They initiated ...

• Word Count: 770
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Germany's attitudes were of hope, like Lenin's, but for different reasons. Germany believed that revolution was disaster to a country and by allowing Lenin and his compatriots to return they were helping to spreading Revolution. ... Although Lenin did not play a significant role in the February Revolution, his role in the second revolution, "a planned coup" where a provisional government was overthrown, was vital. ... The continuing failures of the Provisional Government saw the Bolshevik rise to power, eventually seizing the Winter Palace and taking power. ... They initiated ...

• Word Count: 766
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Alexander Kerensky was the eventual Prime Minister of Russia and leader of the Provisional Government. ... The offensive despite a strong start and initial success against the weaker Austrian army, was eventually crushed by a German counter attack, leaving Russia with a loss of 200,000 men and 170,000 deserters. ... Secondly, Kerensky and the Kornilov affair greatly contributed to the revolutionary situation as Kerensky's reputation as leader became tarnished and the Provisional government began its descent. ... The Kornilov affair came about as Kerensky and Kornilov had different stra...

• Word Count: 666
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For instance, as Hungary shifted towards independence, the government lifted restrictions on free travel between it and Austria. Thus, the almighty "Iron Curtain" was breached by allowing East Germans to pass into Austria through Hungary and then onto West Germany. ... Furthermore, the autumn of 1989 brought tens of thousands of East Germans feeling to West Germany which in turn led to mass demonstrations (i.e. ... In November 1989, the East Germany government decided to undertake the most moving ceremony in Europe since 1945 by officially opening the Berlin wall. ... It is possible he wanted ...

• Word Count: 755
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Together with other hybrid of international agencies, national governments and voluntary international nongovernmental organizations, the UNHCR has positioned itself to fulfil its mandate and obligations to refugees in spite of all odds. ... But these religious persecutions gradually faded as most people in Europe became more politically sensitive with strong political affiliations and tenacious resistance to their new revolutionary style governments. These revolutionary style governments were seen in countries like France, Germany, Poland and Russia. ... State sovereignty became for the fir...

• Word Count: 4488
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They had completed a coup against the ever-unpopular capitalist government. ... In mid April Lenin had arrived in Petrograd, Lenin had been exiled for most of his life, he was given a free passage to Russia by the Germans, the Germans did this because they thought that he was a spy and this would weaken Russia. When lenis had arrived he produced the April thesis, which listed 10 points that were all against the provisional government, Lenin had rejected the idea of the Provisional Government. These 10 points included the immediate end to the war, support for the provisional government would s...

• Word Count: 775
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The search for peace also bought several agreements on arms limitation, and some much needed stability to the post war boundaries of Europe with the settling of the Oder-Neisse line and West Germany recognising the East German state. ... West Germany also made a major contribution to the relaxation of Soviet America relations through its Ostpolitik (Eastern policy). ... This meant that West Germany refused to recognise East Germany, and undertook to break off all diplomatic relations with any states that did so. The first departure from this policy occurred in 1967 when Willie Brandt, the th...

• Word Count: 1917
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The government contained him only once; his last exile in 1913 lasted until 1917. ... Petersburg) upon hearing that the February Revolution had brought about the abdication of the Tsar and the installation of the Provincial Government. ... Stalin argued strongly for the continuation of the war and for cooperation with the Provisional Government. ... On November 7, 1917 (October 25 on the Soviet calendar), the Bolsheviks seized power in a relatively bloodless coup, overthrowing the Provisional Government of Alexander Kerensky. Although Stalin apparently had no role in the October Revolution ...

• Word Count: 7507
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In June 1941 the Germans broke their treaty with the Soviet Union when the launched Operation Barbarossa and invaded Russia. ... German deserters were among the members of gangs adding to their fighting skill. ... The gangs grew dramatically in size as the war progressed and they became just as much a threat as German forces in the area. ... Soviet partisans wreaked havoc on Polish civilians just as much as they sabotaged the Germans. ... The Polish government desired for the brigade to operate solely in Poland under Polish authority. ...

• Word Count: 1728
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1917, the Russian Revolution toppled the Tsarist government. From March until November of that year, Russia was ruled by a Provisional Government, which made plans for a democratically elected assembly. ... The new government, led by Lenin, made peace with the Germans and undertook a bloody, three-year civil war, in which Stalin commanded on several fronts. ... Central to his program was the collectivization of agriculture, in which the government would redistribute the land by taking over the estates of the "kulaks", the wealthiest peasants. ... After Germany fell, he used Red Army troops ...

• Word Count: 5151
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The meeting between Churchill and Stalin implies that both the leaders were concerned and looked forward to what could happen when Germany was defeated. At its height, the Nazi Germany conquered most the Europe, and when Germany would be defeated, this would leave larger part of the continental Europe without any meaningful administrations or governments. The conventional forms of governments in Europe had been discredited, particularly in the East of Europe where the resistances to the German conquests had been predominantly ineffective. ... For instance, the Soviet Union had been invaded f...

• Word Count: 1594
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Earlier that day, the Communist authorities of the German Democratic Republic had announced the removal of travel restrictions to democratic West Berlin. Thousands of East Germans streamed into the West, and in the course of the night, celebrants on both sides of the wall began to tear it down. ... Inspired by their neighbors' reforms, East Germans took to the streets in the summer and fall of 1989 to call for reforms, including freedom to visit West Berlin and West Germany. ... As a result, not only was Germany reunified in 1990, but soon, revolution spread to the Soviet Union its...

• Word Count: 2359
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Joseph finally got the chance to meet Lenin in 1905 at a conference in Finland Lenin noticed that Stalin was very dedicated and loyal to Lenin's cause so Lenin appointed Joseph to work for his cause by raising money for the Bolsheviks by any means necessary this involved robbing banks and government money. ... With the Germans in Moscow for the winter Stalin showing his ruthlessness sent his armies in for a counterattack, most of the red army was crushed but they managed to gain some ground. In January 1943 the German armies thought that if they conquered the city of Stalingrad the ...

• Word Count: 1072
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The tension in Crimea started when a group of armed Crimean men took over the buildings of the government and waved the flag of Russia. They protested the new government in Ukraine and showed support to Russia. ... The Russian government, despite oppositions, continued to send troops. ... The result of the referendum was highly favorable to the Russian government stating that the people had already spoken and they chose to be part of the Russian Federation (Malleson, 134). ... In order to fully understand the actions of the Russian government in invading some parts of Ukraine and in imposing u...

• Word Count: 2409
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Under the new Government Russia wants to withdraw from the World War I that they were involved in at that time. ... Once Germany had been defeated in 1945 the war time allies between the USA, UK and the USSR began to break up. ... Joseph Stalin once stated: "One cannot forget the following fact: the Germans carried out an invasion of the U.S.S.R. through Finland, Poland, Rumania, Bulgaria, and Hungary....One can ask, therefore, what can be surprising in the fact that the Soviet Union, in a desire to ensure its security for the future, tries to achieve that these countries should have governmen...

• Word Count: 1778
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Neither leader had suspected that Stalin intended that all Popular Front governments in Europe would be taken over by communists. ... Poland's western boundary will be moved to the Neisse River, a territory containing approximately nine million Germans. Churchill and Roosevelt had both agreed that they would work for the establishment of a new Polish government that represented the Polish people. ... He insisted on the communist dominated Polish Committee of National Liberation that had proclaimed itself the "provisional government of National Unity. ... Despite admiration for the Rus...

• Word Count: 2338
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Kerensky's Provisional Government in the Russian Revolution of 1917. ... Russia generally ranked as the poorest nation in Europe before 1914, now industrialised at a phenomenal rate, far surpassing Germany's pace of industrialisation in the 19th century and Japan's earlier in the 20th century. ... Separatism, resistance to Soviet rule and collaboration with the invading Germans were cited as the main official reasons for the deportations. Volga Germans, Crimean Tatars, Kalmyks, Chechens, Ingush, Balkars, Karachai and Maskhetian Turks were all deported. ... Later, his govern...

• Word Count: 1356
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate