The term 'totalitarianism' was first coined in Italy in May 1923 as a term of abuse against Mussolini's Fascist government. ... The new dictator then abolished the Landers which were the local councils and replaced them by Gauleiters, which are Nazi controlled local governments. ... This way of thinking included the racial purity and unity of the german people (excluding all the non-germans from the country), a devoted love and sense of patriotism toward the country, and mostly the indisputable devotion and trust in Hitler's leadership and government. ... The Nazi ideology...

• Word Count: 2961
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, only in Italy and Germany did fascist movements turn into parties and become major political forces that by their own efforts achieved governmental power. ... Democracy was either not deeply rooted or a system of government of short duration, and nationalist sentiment often ran high. ... This ultra nationalism was also evident in Nazi Germany with its policy of uniting all Germans in a Gross Deutschland and acquiring Lebensraum in Eastern Europe. ... This newly created system of government (corporate state in Italy), was one of strong rule and one all-powerful leader, a Superman&#...

• Word Count: 1866
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Therefore the British government sought to follow a policy of appeasement. ... Looking on with hindsight many historians have condemned the actions of Chamberlain and his government. ... This was highlighted in the event of 7th March 1936 when Germany Remilitarised the Rhineland. ... It was essentially a divided nation fascism v democracy The Spanish civil war was initially the result of an army revolt, which broke out against the Spanish left-wing republican government. ... The French leader Leon Blum was sympathetic towards the republican government, but was fearful of a right wing ba...

• Word Count: 4208
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However Nazi Germany was never a true totalitarian state, it took until 1944 to fully co-ordinate the army, although in the first year of Nazi government, the army budget increased so much they were unable to spend all of it . ... At the start Hitler's position as Fuhrer was in political terms the merging of the offices of President (head of state) and Chancellor (head of government). ... The Fuhrer principle meant that Germany was mortalised in flesh and blood by its Fuhrer. ... German music and art had to be assimilated by the Nazis. ... Hitler announced at the 1929 Nuremberg Party ral...

• Word Count: 2446
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In essence, Italy was a historical follower; the government jumped onto the Allied bandwagon when it was clear they would win World War I and later switched sides in order to join the Axis Powers when World War II began. ... It was by the fall of 1937 that Mussolini had visited Germany, and in spite of several nagging doubts, had nearly made of his mind to address the issue of formalizing the pact between Germany and Italy. ... Anonymous articles during this time continued to proclaim that the Fascist government were not pacifistic, as were the democracies. ... In May of the same year, Hitler...

• Word Count: 2168
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Hitler's ability to gain power, and his ability to persuade the masses, caused him to take control of Germany. ... However, the timing was perfect for Hitler, because he promised Germany that his party would resolve the economic crisis. ... For instance, it was evident that the Nazi Party represented totalitarian values because Hitler had total domination over the government. ... For example, self-government in the German States was abolished in 1933, and The Reichsrat was also abolished in the same year. ... After this was abolished, most of the workers then joined a Nazi Party agenc...

• Word Count: 1030
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A totalitarian government is a "modern autocratic government in which the state involves itself in all facets of society, including the daily life of its citizens" (Bartleby). ... In Germany, Hitler led members of the National Socialist group, also known as the Nazis. ... The chaos which followed WWI allowed totalitarian governments to be founded in Russia, Italy, and Germany. ... The governments also have a monopoly of all weapons of mass destruction and guns. ... There have been many totalitarian states throughout the course of history including Germany, Italy, Russia, and China. ...

• Word Count: 1139
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

One of the similarities one can observe between the causes of WWI and WWII is that of the role of Germany. Concerning WWI one of the greatest causes of the war can be seen as the effect of the growth of Germany had on Europe. ... For, with Hitler's rise to power there was a dramatic change in the foreign policy of Germany. ... However, it was his belief in the union of all of the German race in his dreamt of "greater Germany" and the subsequent concept of "lebensraum" that was what, in reality led to war, as he began slowly to invade his neighbours and expand his eastern border, again a g...

• Word Count: 2024
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, others saw Hitler as having complete control over all aspects of Nazi government and did in fact set up a social Darwinist bureaucracy which was driven to implement his world view. ... In addition, the lack of strong rule by Hitler contributed to the increasing radicalization of the regime as the conflicting and competing agencies of government sought to interpret and implement the Fuhrer's will. ... Structuralist historians argue that Hitler's weaknesses and his inability or unwillingness to impose his authority and establish a rigid, well defined system of government made ...

• Word Count: 919
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The German people were fed up with the government and on the verge of a revolution. ... He promised the people a way out of the economic crash Germany was in, to restore pride in themselves and their country, and presented a scapegoat to blame for all of Germany's social, economic, and political problems: the Jews. ... On October 28 Victor Emmanuel called on Mussolini to form a new government. ... But after the violence of the 1924 elections (Hitler rigged what few elections did occur in Germany) in Italy, Mussolini moved to suspend constitutional government. ... The people had their own...

• Word Count: 1186
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Roosevelt, fascist Germany under Adolf Hitler, and Italy under Benito Mussolini. ... The federal controlled access highway system in Germany, the Autobahn, and the reclamation of the Pontine marshes during the battle of Anzio are other examples of showcase projects that promoted a certain image the of the nation. ... Garraty compares the response to the Depression between the industrial nations most profoundly affected by the crisis: the United States and Germany from 1933 to 1937. ... Hitler's Four Year Plan in 1936 geared Germany's economy toward large scale preparation for war....

• Word Count: 2776
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Governments were often seen as corrupt, indecisive, and defeatist. ... They attacked socialists, often physically, and succeeded in taking over some local governments. ... Without firing a shot the Black Shirts had gained control of the Italian government. ... He then moved to close down parliamentary government and other parties entirely. ... Mussolini's government also controlled the police, muzzled the press, and censored academic activity. ...

• Word Count: 5609
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

To what extent could Nazi Germany be considered a totalitarian state in the Period 1933-45? ... Through a variety of institutional arrangements, the Nazi state required a monopoly over information flows in Nazi Germany. ... Berghahn has noted that other government departments and agencies developed their own propaganda units (the NSDAP had 14000 people on its patrol by 1934). ... The third significant problem concerning the application of the Friedrich's model, on the Totalitarian characteristics of Nazi Germany regards the concept of centralized beurocratic control over the German ec...

• Word Count: 1815
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The most revealing thing in all of Alan Bullock's work was the surprisingly strong support that Adolf Hitler received from the Germans. The support that Hitler received was extraordinary both in the growth of the party through governmental representation and financially. ... Timing and the fragile state of the German nation was another stunning realization that the reading provided. Bullock showed that Hitler's rise to prominence can be linked to the delicate psyche of the German people. The previous knowledge that I had on the German in the pre-World War II era prepared...

• Word Count: 403
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

To find an example of ultra-nationalism, one need look no further than the fascist state of Italy and Nazi Germany. ... In Germany, the people were starved for a leader that could rid the oppression and large debts caused by the First World War. ... He used the media to his advantage, as the German public were told only what Hitler wanted them to hear. ... Once Mussolini and his government gained power, they yearned for expansion outside the political sphere and wanted a totalitarian regime to control all aspects of life. ... The bloodshed caused by the fascist government, is a direct result o...

• Word Count: 934
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Italian invasion of Abyssinia and in March 1936, the German militarization of the Rhineland were certainly of significance to the Foreign Office since both these right wing Nationalist governments were sympathetic towards Franco, so heavy British intervention on behalf of the Republic could lead to a broader crisis. ... `It also has to be noted that in August 1936, Spain was not the chief priority of the British Government. ... Whilst historic policy and relations with France dictated an official sympathy with the elected Republican government, anti-Communist paranoia within the Conservati...

• Word Count: 2078
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It was the military intervention of foreign nations that fuelled the Spanish Civil War, and from one perspective, actually On the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War the leaders of the military uprising immediately asked the German government for help. ... Another reason was that it brought Germany closer to Italy, a country that was also supporting the military uprising in Spain. ... On 27th July, 1936, Adolf Hitler sent the Nationalists 26 German fighter aircraft. ... On 28th November the Italian government signed a secret treaty with the Spanish Nationalists. ... He also sent Alexander Orlov ...

• Word Count: 3763
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Therefore, throughout the entire film what ultimately united all German children, men and women was their citizenship as Germans excluding homosexuals, Gypsies, political dissidents and Jews. ... Nationalism can be seen in virtually all the scenes of the Triumph of the Will, for instance in the speeches made by government officials. They make it feel like Germany is the greatest world power. ... The great and apparently endless lines of soldiers walking past Hitler, the devotion of government officials and numbers that portray greatness and power are just a few things that symbolize nationalis...

• Word Count: 1659
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This political surprise was a new social, political and economic system, which would overcome government dichotomies such as, private vs. public as well as individual vs. collective decisions. ... During many years, Italy was faced with false, disloyal leaders, and Mussolini came and augmented Italy and became the spokesman of a nation betrayed by its leaders, who could only make Italy dependent on Germany and Austria . ... As Italy's past dictators created a nation merely dependent on Germany and Austria, Mussolini instead blocked his nation form evolving or having any possible dependenc...

• Word Count: 677
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This made it look as if the Italian Government had been ignored. ... Italians The Nazi Germany is the most evident example of a fascist state which was also totalitarian. ... Fascism is a form of government headed, in most cases, by a dictator. ... Personal liberty is severely limited under a fascist government. ... Different strands of the idea Germany, Italy and Japan adopted some variations of fascism by the 1930s until up to the end of World War II. ...

• Word Count: 1819
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Fascism is emerged from Italy by Mussolini, but nazism is raised from Germany by Hitler. ... Economy of fascism depends on trades or public, but economy of nazism depends on government. ... In this sentence we see that nazism is interested economy on government. Another differences between fascism and nazism is that while fascist ideology adopts conservatives ideology and nationalism, nazism adopts secularism and use science for government. ... Another thing, those days, we can see that government needs power of community. ...

• Word Count: 787
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Nowadays, fascism is most popularly associated with Mussolini's Italy between the years 1922 to 1943, and Hitler's Nazi Germany between the years 1933 to 1945. ... Mussolini capitalized on the uninspired leadership, weak government and economic chaos that fell on Italy during this time to glorify authoritarian and military virtues, and he successfully took power on his October 28th, 1922 "March on Rome" (RoSo, 2002). ... In Germany, Hitler aimed to not only control all political power, but also courts, churches, universities, social clubs, sports associations and youth groups. ......

• Word Count: 1719
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However to say that Germany benefited from no gain in the treaties would be false. ... However they were directly effected by the treaties conditions increasing ill feeling towards the government and improving political awareness in the masses. The publics sceptical opinion of the government was well founded, the proportional representation system meant that the coalition governments were weak and undecided on their aims. During a two-year period preceding Mussolini's administration there were 5 different governments. ...

• Word Count: 978
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Political parties would not be needed, regulated government would not exist, and historical/political occurrences such as the creation and destruction of the Berlin Wall or the Holocaust could not have taken place. ... Socialism seeks to benefit the Working Class on an economic level by instilling a regulated government that denounces unfair capitalistic gains. ... Meanwhile, anarchism seeks to enlighten the individual so that they may truly achieve freedom without government restriction. ... One of Germany's leading theorist of the Social-Democratic Party, Rose Luxemburg, argued that th...

• Word Count: 2738
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate