Safety testing grew out of other forms of testing. ... Most of the large producers of personal care and household products could adopt these methods which are more cost effective, better predictors of human injury, produce far quicker results, and do not involve animal cruelty." (94) Why don't all companies become cruelty-free? ... While animal testing is still very much in existence at large corporations such as Procter and Gamble and Lever Brothers, there are now several hundred "cruelty-free" consumer product companies. The most common type of alternative methods are: in-vitro tests, c...

• Word Count: 1294
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Drug-Free Workplace Act, while not requiring drug testing, does require all federal contractors with contracts worth at least $25,000 or more, to establish a drug-free awareness program and communicate the program to all its employees. ... EAP counselors then decide what type of help the employee needs (staff support, inpatient treatment, AA meetings, and the like). ... The idea of drug testing employees has good reasons. If employees are explained the reasons for testing and random testing to done fairly, I think not too many people would find a problem with it. ... Drug companies tha...

• Word Count: 898
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Is sociology value free? "Can Sociology Be Value Free?" ... What are the arguments for and against the possibility of value free sociology? ... Observation became the central criterion of verification, verification to the formulation of laws, and these laws to the subject of repeated test in order to establish their legitimacy (Morrison 1995 pp.24-25) Observation requires an observer. ... An example would be Blauner (Alienation and Freedoms 1964 in McNeill 1990) It was hypothesized that different levels of alienation are causally linked with different types of industrial processes. ...

• Word Count: 628
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Rorschach inkblot test is a type of projective psychological test created in 1921 by Hermann Rorschach. The test is used to analyze personality and emotional functioning. ... The Rorschach test is anchored to Freud's psychoanalytic theory especially the idea of free association where the therapist helps patient discover unconscious thoughts and feelings that had been repressed or ignored. ... Taken as a whole, the scientific research on Rorschach's test does not provide a positive view of its reliability and validity as a personal test or diagnostic tool. Nevertheless, the test...

• Word Count: 1112
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Asking these questions leads to the possible answer of hands-free technology. ... " Pictured below are some of the different hands-free apparatus. ... Brain Overload," Melissa Healy says, "Despite a push by technology companies to portray hands-free mobile phone devices as safe for drivers the type of phone or mobile device and even the type of conversation had while driving is statistically irrelevant.... The second study tested whether participants would reallocate their lessened attention because of dual-tasking to things of high priority to the task of driving. ... Once ag...

• Word Count: 2473
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

One side claims that drug testing for welfare is unconstitutional and unfair. ... The people who oppose drug testing for welfare think that it is a violation of the 4th amendment; because it clearly states that you need probable cause to search a person, and drug testing is considered a type of search for lawful reasons. ... Navy veteran that refused to take the test in Florida; for his actions, he was denied benefits. ... In the article, "Drug testing for Welfare Recipients: Cons," by Austin Keller, he states that 20% of people who receive welfare have it for less than seven months ...

• Word Count: 936
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The First Amendment to the constitution guarantees the right to free speech. ... Free speech has its roots in our U.S. constitution; however, essential free speech is it has been repeatedly challenged, ever changing the legislation regulating free speech. ... The courts have shaped four different types of libel, which is defamation, publication, identification, and fault--actual malice (Tedford 112). ... "One type of speech that invades privacy is disclosure, which is publicity about private matters that are of no legitimate concern to the public" (Tedford 134). ... These types of time, pl...

• Word Count: 1987
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

From an example in class, we learned that a child who does not receive any emotional interaction with a normal adult does not develop normally and will most likely have problems with any number of things such as; motor skills, speaking, having any type of relationship, or interacting with others. ... Therefore, the average classroom was filled with discussion, review, and practice TAAS tests the entire year. Schools feared the TAAS school-wide results that were mailed out to parents with the students" report card and students were sick and tired of reviewing for the TAAS test. Practice tests, ...

• Word Count: 548
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

" There are many types of assistance programs available in the United States, some of the most well known are the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). ... It is a form of monetary assistance that provides recipients with a debit-type card that is used specifically to buy food. ... If employees are drug tested how can testing of welfare recipients be considered unfair? Who would want to lose free money? ... Also, drug testing could result in raised taxes. ...

• Word Count: 1035
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Caffeine as a Thermogenic Aid Caffeine being one of the common variables tested in research, has gained the reputation of having several possible ergogenic benefits including an in increase in human performance, elevating resting energy expenditure, body leaning, and decreasing the total amount of body fat (Outlaw et al. 2013). Many studies have reported that their test subjects have increased their resting energy expenditure by 4.6% while consuming caffeine (Ryan et al. 2009). ... Due to the caffeine consumption, caffeine triggers the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which leads ...

• Word Count: 976
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The concept of test validity captures these essential characteristics and the extent that an assessment actually measures what it is intended to measure. Measurement experts agree that test validity is tied to the purpose for which as assessment is used. A test might be valid for one purpose, but inappropriate for other purposes. ... Other characteristics of good assessment for classroom purposes are the content of the tests should match the teacher's educational objectives and instructional emphases, the test should represent the full range of knowledge and skills that are the primary ta...

• Word Count: 809
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Communication is best when it does not obstruct or distort the free flow of ideas. ... The promotive type is highly desirable. ... The third type is counteractive, interaction that refocuses the group. ... Testable Hypothesis Hirokawa is a social scientist that firmly believes in testing the theory. His experimental methodology allowed Hirokawa to conduct research designed to test the functional perspective. ...

• Word Count: 1250
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Scientist can grow any type of tissue out of any person, for example, brain, heart or liver, creating this way, a personalized model for each individual. ... There is also free air in the upper channel, and a liquid that contains nutrients navigates through the bottom canal (Body Parts on a Chip). To mimic infection, scientist add bacteria or any other type of illness they want to infect the cell with, and as a responsive reaction they also add white blood cells, just like the body would normally do when fighting against an external disease. In vitro tests have been proven to be more effective...

• Word Count: 1580
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ideal candidate is patient with type I diabetes, younger then 45 years of age and with end stage renal disease, and have no or little atherosclerotic disease. ... Researches hope that islet transplantation will help patients with type I diabetes live without daily injection. ... MRI is the test of choice for testing a rejection. ... Free ascites is present with varying volume, usually large. ... There are three main types: arterial thrombus, deep vein thrombosis, and pseudoaneurysm. ...

• Word Count: 1307
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Older adults need to be careful in providing their insurance information especially to those who offer free medical screening. ... If the subject of elder abuse is taught in schools, it can help the students to be aware that this type of abuse has consequences and there are laws in the land that protect the rights of the elderly. ...

• Word Count: 2317
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Your assignment is to write an essay in which you discuss the theories underlying each of these two types of tests, indicating the value of each approach given the context. Provide an example of a group test of intelligence and of a learning potential test that you would use and justify your choices. ... TESTS FOR ASSESSING COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING 15 5.1 The General Scholastic Aptitude Test 16 5.2 The Learning Potential Computerized Adaptive Test 17 5.3 The Differential Aptitude Test Form K 19 5.4 Additionally 19 6. ... Additionally, Van Eden and De Beer (2005) specify that in general the...

• Word Count: 8469
• Approx Pages: 34
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Galactosemia can be diagnosed through a newborn screening test, blood test and infant formula. The disease is detected through a blood test by measuring the level of enzyme in red blood cells and white blood cells and or liver. Galactosemia is normally detected first through the newborn screening test also known as NBS. ... As stated in the Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, on diagnosis of Galactosemia a lactose-free soya infant formula is commence although in those centers where galactosides are routinely excluded, a formula free from both lactose and soya is used (39). Parents should g...

• Word Count: 1173
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Education should be provided to everyone, free of charge, and free of discriminations. ... Although free, it does not come without distractions. For instance, public schooling has turned into more of a daycare type setting for teachers and students. ... Administrators focus more on dress codes and violence prevention, than they do on test scores and how we compare to other countries. ... The plan also introduced the Regents Minimum Competency Tests, which requires a student to pass tests in five major categories; math, science, reading, writing, and two areas of social studies. ...

• Word Count: 1280
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In a study measuring catecholamine levels before and after a test, Ennis et al. took two groups of students. One group had a challenge appraisal of the test while the other had a threat appraisal of the test. ... Cruess et al. looked at the effects of cognitive-behavioral stress management and its effects on free testosterone and cortisol. ... Each study mentioned above shows the effects of different types of therapy techniques in the reduction of stress. ... The differences in the effects of some type of therapy in stress reduction versus no therapy are dramatic. ...

• Word Count: 1394
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The fundamental authority source of authority in this type is, The authority of the impersonal order. ... According to Weber, a system of rational-legal authority is highly favorable to the development of a formalized legal system, while that of traditional authority favors two types of ethical norms; the traditionally bound which is embodied in traditional ways, and a freer type, one which allows the arbitrary will of the leader. ... The third type of authority is the charismatic type. ... Weber tried to compare charismatic authority to the ideal-type bureaucratic system. ... Finally, they m...

• Word Count: 1511
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A clinician test given to suspected alcoholics or taken personally is called the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). The test given to check for pathological alcohol abuse is known as Criterion A for alcohol abuse. ... There are three types of influences, all which are fundamentals of these organizations, that include: cultural background, stage of socialization, and peer group influence. ... Alcohol in accumulated years of use can result in diseases such as cirrhosis and many different types of cancer. ... More colleges are starting to offer programs such as prevention education, counsel...

• Word Count: 1181
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A third would be is the due process in the work place, where the employees have the right to participate in decision making as well as being informed of any type of company problems that arise. ... Some companies have random drug testing since they have to protect public welfare. "Such testing, for example must be truly random (to guard against discrimination), and must be conducted in such a way that the personal space of the persons being tested is not unnecessarily violated (Desjardins and Duska, 1987). ... All employees have a right to work in an environment free from mistreatment intende...

• Word Count: 1026
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Public schools from K-12 are government-funded institutions that provide free education for all children. ... Neoliberalism is the belief that society operates best when individuals are free to follow their private interests with limited government intervention. ... In David Hursh's (Date) article, it mentioned "how testing policies further legitimize program differences by forcing schools with low test scores (those composed primarily of students of color and students living in poverty) to institute more regimented methods of instruction"" (p. 157). This quote means that the testing po...

• Word Count: 1377
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The increasing share of medical bills by third-party payers (insurance companies and government) cause patients to over use medical resources since those resources appear to be free or almost free (Liebowitz, 1994, 1). Medical equipment, devices, advanced drugs, and sophisticated test like the full body scan continue to raise the cost of medical care. ... One of the most interesting statements in the article written by Liebowitz was the study reported in the New England Journal of Medicine by Brooke and others concluding that free health care did not improve the health of those receiving that ...

• Word Count: 889
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The purpose of the orientating tasks was to assure the participants attended to the materials while concealing from them the fact that they were going to be tested for recall to see how deep the cognitive learning is. ... Theories like this type dominated the area of human memory for a number of years. ... In this experiment four groups of participants were given different kinds of orientating tasks and then later given a surprise recall test. ... After many trails of this type a surprise free recall test was given in which subjects had to report as many words as possible. ...

• Word Count: 963
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate