The essay "An Insurrection That Never Happened: The "Christmas Riots" of 1865 by Stephen Nissenbaum examines the social and economic circumstances in the south after the completion of the civil war and the beginning of reconstruction. Though the focus of the essay is the atmosphere experienced during the Christmas season, the general topic of the essay addresses the concerns both blacks and whites were having during the reconstruction period. ... Factors from the fears of black uprisings from the whites, and the crushed hopes of the recently freed blacks, led to an emotional period where neith...

• Word Count: 607
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

We younger negro artists now intend to express our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame....We build our temples for tomorrow, as strong as we know how and we stand on the top of the mountain, free within ourselves."... Black owned magazines and newspapers flourished, freeing African Americans from the influences of the white society. ... The black philosopher Alian Locke published his most talked about essay "The New Negro", in his essay he urged that "Art must discover and reveal the beauty which prejudice and caricature have overlaid." His essays also proposed "smashing" all ...

• Word Count: 1369
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Each section consists of an essay discussing a subtopic of this subject. ... The second part of the duo of essays focuses on the philosophies which the slaveholders believed in. ... As anti-slavery sentiment arose, some slaveholders began to realize the dreadfulness of their actions and slightly improved the treatment of the slaves, or freed a few slaves in order to clear their consciences. ...

• Word Count: 906
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The White Negro is a 9,000 word essay by Norman Mailer that recorded a number of young white people in the 1920's, 1930's and 1940's who liked jazz and swing music so much that they adopted black culture as their own. ... Several episodes discussed the later contributions of Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie to bebop, and of Miles Davis, Ornette Coleman, and John Coltrane to free and cool jazz. ...

• Word Count: 530
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In an effort to limit the unencumbered rambling, I am going to focus on Twain's response to the racial issues at the heart of his American historical context, primarily through an interpretation of the novel (if it may be characterized as such) Pudd'nhead Wilson with reference to other works by Twain we have discussed in this course and multiple critical essays which have been pored over, albeit with less than completely gratifying results. ... The land of the free (except for slaves) and the home of the brave (and extremely violent and repressive) inculcated racial myths within Cl...

• Word Count: 3141
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Hughes ended his essay by saying that, "we build our temples for tomorrow, strong as we know how, and we stand on top of the mountain, free within ourselves.... In his speech, we see Douglass state that the fourth of July is not only meaningless to the slave but also to the freed African Americans. ... The holiday therefore can't be taken serious by the slave girl who still serves a master against her will while he celebrates how they have been set free. ... These here were freed slaves who had learnt to read and write and they were using that literacy endowment to shed light on what...

• Word Count: 1560
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Frederick Douglass began his life as a common slave but proved to be a phenomenon by breaking free of all boundaries placed upon him. ... At age thirteen Douglass bought his first book, The Columbian Orator, consisting of various essays and speeches having to do with democracy and liberty. ... Frederick Douglass would encourage many more African Americans to fight for the Union Army, "Who would be free themselves must strike the blow.... ... A header in Douglass" newspaper once read, "Right is of no Sex - Truth is of no Color."7 Frederick Douglass broke free from the shackles of slavery, and...

• Word Count: 1350
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

W.E.B Dubois was born in 1868 to a free family in North, and he had always been around education growing up. ... In 1903, Dubois published a collection of essays, The Souls of Black Folk, in which he strongly criticized Booker T. ...

• Word Count: 1189
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the essay "I"d Rather Go to School in the South": How Boston's School Desegregation Complicates the Civil Rights Paradigm by Jeanne Theoharis, black parents in Boston joined together in the grassroots struggle for equality in the education system. ... The women in the Illinois Black Panther Party were responsible for ensuring that the fund-raisers were successful, for staffing the free medical center and distributing the Black Panther Community News from the airport to its various distribution sites. ...

• Word Count: 1231
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Abstract Hip-Hop has long been demonized for its militant language and outlawed narrative as a part of American society. But, despite its controversy it has remained a source of encouragement to many as its influence spreads across the globe. Hip-hop's origins are undoubtedly African-American, this ...

• Word Count: 1971
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It is obvious that significant improvements have been made in the way that the criminal justice system deals with Blacks during the history of the United States. Blacks have not always been afforded a right to trial, not to mention a fair one. Additionally, for years, Blacks were unable to serve on juries, clearly affecting the way both Blacks and whites were tried. Much of this improvement has been achieved through various court decisions, and other improvements have been made through federal and state legislatures. Despite these facts, the development of the legal system with regard to race ...

• Word Count: 3584
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate