The main problem with the Articles of Confederation was that it failed to give power to the federal government. ... The new states needed a central government. ... Because of its weaknesses, the government demanded little respect. ... When the people realized that the Articles of Confederation were not sufficient, the journey to establish a stronger federal government began. This journey resulted in the Annapolis Convention and the Federal Constitutional Convention, which drafted the Constitution of the United States. ...

• Word Count: 382
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Federal and state parliaments (except Queensland) are bicameral, meaning they consist of two houses of equal legislative standing which are independent from one another. ... Generally the government doesn't have a majority in the Upper House which creates a strong system of checks and balances in the legislative arm of government. ... A democratic government is essential to the constitution in Australia and is achieved by using the principles of representative government to form parliament. ... This doesn't allow the principles of responsible government to apply fully. ... The consti...

• Word Count: 1067
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The separation of powers divided the federal government into three distinct branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. ... This system creates a balance throughout all of the branches within the federal government. ... This tenet addresses the monetary powers of the federal government, as well as regulating court systems. ... These delegated powers were only granted to the federal government. Federalism also reserves some powers to the state government; federal and state officials can regulate all elections, court systems, and other aspects. ...

• Word Count: 503
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Secretary of Defense is saying, "to provide for the common defense" the federal government can conduct the experiment at Maxwell AFB, which is federal property. The state of Alabama says that the federal government cannot conduct those experiments at Maxwell because it violates the state law. ... Those who represent the federal government would say that the benefits of experiments are clear and substantial. ... Maryland (1819) when the federal government had established a bank in Maryland and the state tried to tax it. Because the Constitution gave Congress the power to coin mone...

• Word Count: 2056
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The changes would be published in the Government Gazette and the amendments will be made to the constitution. ... The reasons for the failure of most are the lack of bipartisan support and expensive and well-organised state campaigns against constitutional changes of the federal government due to the threat to states" residual powers. ...

• Word Count: 361
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

That was only a beginning to a more localized government. ... Hamilton explained that with a federal government the Confederacy would do its own biding, disregarding the federal government's operations. ... After the Constitution came into effect Madison said that it had both republican and federal principles. ... An example of an up-to-date federal principle is the way we ratify an amendment. ... The 3 governmental branches have their own duties to fulfill for the nation. ...

• Word Count: 1087
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Congress could not enforce sanctions against the states for any of the decisions it made, executive and judicial branches were weaker than the state legislature, there were no provisions for president, there were no Federal courts, and the Articles themselves were nearly impossible to change or amend. ... Maryland, where state law was deemed invalid if it conflicted with a federal law. ... The concept that powers should also be reserved to the states lingered, however, and recent years have revived the interest in limiting federal power. ... Also, the distinction between the powers of th...

• Word Count: 1242
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The federal government's inability to tax restricted the United States' ability to function. This inability to tax paralyzed the federal government and consequently, the United States could not pay its debts. ... This resulted in many Americans promoting a Constitution that strengthened the United States federal government. ... They believed the nation required a stronger federal government to succeed. ... Thomas Jefferson supported a very limited federal government, while Alexander Hamilton supported a stronger federal government. ...

• Word Count: 1434
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Milkis also argues that the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt changed the constitutional balance that existed and supported by political parties since the time of Madison and Jackson after it created a federal government powerful and independent enough to run a welfare state. ... This philosophy was followed by Jackson's decision to strip away many powers of the federal government as exemplified by the dismantling of the Bank of the United States (26). ... This ardent defense was demonstrated in 1832 after South Carolina declared a new tariff law "null and void" and threatened t...

• Word Count: 1647
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The structure of government in Malaysia is very similar to what is practised in Great Britain. ... The Federal Constitution divides the structure of government to three different branches- Legislature, Executive, and, Judiciary . ... The Structure of Government in Malaysia In Malaysia, the legislative branch of government contains three major elements - the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Dewan Negara and Dewan Rakyat . ... However, Article 43(3) of the Federal Constitution states that the cabinet is collectively responsible for its actions. ... Article 44 of the Federal Constitution provides...

• Word Count: 2493
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Not all of their actions, however, afforded a stable central government, and in many instances they angered the will of the people - an essential element in any stable government. ... Also enacted under the watch of Washington was the Judiciary Act of 1789, which organized the structure of the Supreme Court, organized the structure of federal district and circuit courts, and also established the position of Attorney General. ... This prevented the overthrow or nullification of the actions of the government by the people, keeping the government strong and powerful. ... This, therefore, ensu...

• Word Count: 1367
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

I will assess, the impact of High Court decision on the operation of the Australian Federal system and its consequences on the Federal balance, and also the impact of the Commonwealth State relations. ... In 1926 the Federal Roads Case effected the Federal System, as the outcome of this case gave more power to the Commonwealth hence changing the Federal Balance. ... The First Uniform tax case can be seen as particularly important in the Federal Balance, as it led to the Commonwealth collection of taxes and gave rise to Vertical Fiscal Imbalance - The disparity between the collection and spend...

• Word Count: 1458
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(2) Defining Constitutionalism We will employ Fred Ridley's (1988: p. 317) broad definition of a constitution as: ...the whole system of government of a country, the collection of rules, written and unwritten, which regulate the government'. ... It has four key features: (1) It establishes, or constitutes, the system of government, hence it is prior to the system of government, rules cannot be derived from that system; (2) it involves an authority outside and above the order it establishes - the notion of constituent power' - this power in a liberal ...

• Word Count: 1384
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1966 a large step was taken in the area of personal privacy when the Freedom of Information Act "gave citizens the right to ask a federal agency for any files it had about them" (Hoobler 51). ... To ensure that citizens were supplied with the information they requested from government agencies, the Privacy Act "set a limit on the time a federal agency had to respond to a request for files" (Hoobler 51). ... Most Americans are aware that the government holds records on them but few realize how many records the government has and exactly what information those records contain. ... Although...

• Word Count: 2150
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, the issue of a listing of rights that could not be infringed upon by the new, stronger national government became a key in the ratification debates. ... Remembering their experience as British colonists, the Anti-Federalists feared that the stronger national government would abuse individual rights. ... The federal government realized in 1913 that in order for it to collect taxes effectively, and not have to share that tax money with the states, federal income tax was necessary. ... The advocates of Prohibition felt that alcoholism was a problem in America that couldn't be cure...

• Word Count: 2226
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The accession to sovereignty expressed that Quebec would be permitted to declare their secession from Canada once negotiations with the Canadian government were completed. ... Upon greater examination the Bill was a carte blanc for the Quebec government to whatever it wanted if a majority yes vote was received from the referendum. This arrogant approach taken by the sovereign Quebec supporters lead the Canadian government to develop firm and stringent policies for potential provincial secession. ... Accordingly, if a clear majority were received in Quebec the federal and other provincial ...

• Word Count: 1389
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It all began with a wish, a wish for a great interference in the lives of colonists -- a wish for a new form of government, separation from Europe and great wealth. ... The delegates had difficulty working while some were getting sick of the overheated temperature, yet the greatest governmental system in all of history was created in such unfavorable and imperfect circumstances. ... In Miss Bowen's view the Framers of the Constitution rejected alike the principle and the practice of the Articles, and, displaying a willingness to reach honorable compromise and a happy capacity for sound e...

• Word Count: 1258
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Judicial Review, For the People, By the People Judicial review is a function of our government that is carried out by the judicial branch, namely, the Supreme Court. ... Thus, these judges have been chosen by the people, as all high ranking officials ought to be, in a democratic government. Judges who sit on the Supreme Court or any court within the Federal legal system hold the office for life, barring poor behavior. This also means that unlike the other branches of government which are rotated regularly, the justices see many terms come and go. ... Each of the three branches of gover...

• Word Count: 710
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Constitutions help establish boundaries of government and keep the nations and states they are written for together. ... For instance, limited government is well enumerated in the Texas Constitution, but it is not as enumerated in the U.S. ... For instance the Board of Education helps limit the state government by providing an extra level between local school districts and the state government as far as establishing money allocation for education. ... The founding fathers of the United States wanted to make it a difficult process to amend the federal Constitution, and they succeeded. ... Inste...

• Word Count: 1531
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A Constitutional Europe The Member States of the European Union are currently in volved in a lively debate that is centered on what might be the biggest step yet towards the federalization of Europe. ... Representations of the governments of the Member States are required to agree unanimously before any new addition to the existing Treaties can be concluded. ... Article 20(2) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany states that "all state authority emanates from the people. ... The Federal Constitutional Court of Germany in Brunner, 1994, requesting a review of the Treaty ...

• Word Count: 2086
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

And with the demands that his governmental position brings are the challenges he has faced and the challenges he has administered to the American people. ... A federal judge has blocked the new regulation, but doing so has merely postponed it because the administration is appealing. ... Instead, they can demand swift, decisive action, sometimes under pressured or even emergency circumstances, that are best carried out by a branch of government that does not suffer from multiple vetoes or is delayed by disagreements. ...

• Word Count: 1180
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate