It also incorporates the behavior therapy in using relaxation training (Cruess et al., 2000). ... Folkman and Lazarus define stress as "a relationship between an individual and the environmental demands that he or she is facing" (Ennis et al., 2001). ... In a study measuring catecholamine levels before and after a test, Ennis et al. took two groups of students. ... Cruess et al. looked at the effects of cognitive-behavioral stress management and its effects on free testosterone and cortisol. ... This study shows that Cognitive-Behavioral therapy can effectively reduce stress (Cruess et a...

• Word Count: 1394
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Lastly it was also seen that patients that mixed ecstasy with alcohol use were more likely to have one or more psychological problems compared to a person that just took the tablet (Schifano et al, 1998). ... All people that contacted the researches where interviewed to see if they met the criteria to be able to do the study (Topp et al, 1999). ... Certain individuals were excluded if they were pregnant or if they had a history of any psychological issues before drug use (Solowij et al, 1992). ... As cited in this report "this study was approved by the psychology department ethics commit...

• Word Count: 1325
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Finally, in another study the role of one's family environment was addressed (Humfress et al., 1997). ... The heritability is estimated to be from 41 to 72 percent, therefore leaving plenty of room for environmental factors to account for the variance (Arranz et al., 1999). Recently, research has focused on monoamines such as dopamine, cholecystokinin, and endorphins (Ades et al., p. 190, 1999). ... The variability of monomers, according to Ades et al., can possibly be explained by the presence of an eating disorder, but it could also reflect genetic varietability, which may increase t...

• Word Count: 1778
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The two concepts are so intertwined that it is hard to study one without the other- (McGoldrick, et al. 1982). ... Literature indicates that, in comparison to children of other ethnic minority groups, American Native children are at greater risk for emotional and behavioral disorders and negative psychosocial conditions such as poverty, family and community violence, substance abuse, and substandard living conditions (Morris, et al., 2001). ... "Persistent and pervasive social pressure to adapt or acculturate is a fact of life for most American Native children and families" (Morris, et al., ...

• Word Count: 2517
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"(Kendler et Al., 2000: Widom, DuMont, & Czaja, 2007). ... Studies show that individuals with current diagnoses, prevalence of smoking ranges from 38% to 46%" (Lasser et Al., 2000; Lawrence, Mitrou& Zubrick 2009). ... Studies show that individuals with current diagnoses, prevalence of smoking ranges from 38% to 46%" (Lasser et Al., 2000; Lawrence, Mitrou& Zubrick 2009). ... "(Chapman et al, 2004; Lu, Mueser, Rosenberg, & Jankowski, 2008) When a person doesn't know how to deal with what has happened to them they become dependent on things that they tell themselves fixes...

• Word Count: 923
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The school authorities had placed the breached of duty of care on the teacher, Miss Morgan, who was in care of the child, though Judge Lord Reid had stated that "the teacher was not negligent but that the authority was liable on the footing that it was in breach of duty to the child and to the plaintiff" (Lord Reid 1955 et al.p563). ... The causes for child abuse are complex in which there is no defined reason however, there are factors in which can contribute to the causes, such as families that are under pressure with poverty, violence within and out of the household, lack of educa...

• Word Count: 1888
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

According to a major international medical report, 64% of American females had abortions due external pressures (Rue et. al.). ... For instance, a woman who terminates an unwanted pregnancy might find the abortion psychologically advantageous instead of continuing the pregnancy (Zabin et. al.). ...

• Word Count: 891
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Refugee families experience trauma due to the unstable environment in their home countries but there are also a myriad of events that happen even after they are displaced that could also be considered traumatic, and have an adverse effect on refuge individuals and families (Weine et al, 2004). ... Primary care institutions, including clinics, schools, and community organizations, because of their closeness to the family living environment, are often in a privileged position to detect problems in traumatized refugee children and adolescents and to provide help (Rousseau et al, 2012). ... At t...

• Word Count: 2537
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The difference between compulsive gambling and pathological gambling is that compulsions are the behavioral component of the obsessional state in which a person finds his abnormal behavior alien and attempts to resist it (Carone et al. 111). ... Covering up and lying about gambling behavior becomes more important (Carone et al.). ... "The bailout seems to be particularly damaging since it does not allow the compulsive gambler to assume responsibility for his own behavior" (Carone et al. 116). ... While the husband is out gambling, the family sees less and less of him when he is not at hom...

• Word Count: 2085
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The rapid growth that started in 1933 was facilitated by the efficient import-substitution process and export expansion (Lindbeck et al., 1993). ... The ossified decision-making mechanisms and aging institutions have not been successive to favor the long-term economic outcomes of the country (Lindbeck et al, 1993). ... For these companies to survive during the hard times, they had to minimize their costs, which included laying off workers and reducing the minimum wage (Lindbeck et al, 1993). ...

• Word Count: 1862
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Members of the APA task force say, "Sexualization of girls has negative consequences on girls' ability to develop a healthy sexual self-image" (Zurbriggen et al.). ... One journal mentions that "media-idealized images have the most harmful and substantial impact on vulnerable individuals" (Dakanalis et al. p. 1). ...

• Word Count: 1245
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These maladaptive behaviors include: "inconsistent enforcement of rules, low amount of time spent with children, low educational aspirations for children, low maternal affection, maternal possessiveness toward their children, maternal use of guilt to control children, loud verbal conflicts between parents, poor control of anger toward children, poor parent-child communication, poor supervision, poor maintenance of the home, regular cigarette smoking in the presence of the child, and verbal abuse directed toward the child" (Johnson et al, 2001). ... It is posited that "relative to nondepres...

• Word Count: 1308
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If creativity is about imagination and original ideas, defining the word creativity is not creative. So how do we 'define' creativity? In modern society people tend to have systems, structures, organizations and definitions for everything. There are too many definitions of creativity due to the nature of it. According to Gomez in his article, What Do We Know About Creativity? ...

• Word Count: 2430
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Abstract There has been much research done over the years on poor sleep patterns and mental health in academic settings. It is generally accepted that students attending school will expect to have higher stress levels and get less sleep than their non-academic counterparts. This is partially due to higher academic demands requiring longer study hours, as well as extra-curricular activities outside of school. Lower grade point averages and higher dropout rates due to the stressful academic environment is a critical issue for the future. Lack of sleep is one of the key barriers to a student'...

• Word Count: 1934
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These families may be characterized by loss: 40% of adult survivors of child sexual abuse have lost a parent due to divorce and 17% have lost a parent due to death during their childhood" (Burge et al., 2001). ...

• Word Count: 1349
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In Snow White, the wicked queen told her hunter to take her stepdaughter into the woods and cut out her heart because she was more beautiful than her. Even Mother Goose's in "Old Woman in the Shoe" whipped her children soundly and sent them to bed without any bread (Straus, Gelles & Steinmetz, 1980). American homes during the colonial days already practiced the harsh punishment for children. Inconsiderate discipline and physical punishment were normally accomplished for the purpose of instructing children. To drive the devil out from their child, they spank them. ...

• Word Count: 3156
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The experience of major depression is not solely a personal event especially when discussing young children- families are affected, school life is effected and certainly young children do not understand why it is they are feeling the way they are. When the sufferer is a child, the family is ultimate...

• Word Count: 2968
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate