The endocrine system also functions in long-term behavior and works in conjunction with the nervous system in regulating internal functions and maintaining homeostasis (Mani et al., 1997). ... Hormones are specified by their different chemical structures, which can be classified into four categories: amines, small molecules originating from amino acids; prostaglandins, cyclic unsaturated hydroxyl fatty acids synthesized in membranes from 20 carbon fatty acid chains; steroid hormones, cyclic hydrocarbon derivatives synthesized in all instances from the precursor steroid cholesterol; and peptid...

• Word Count: 5649
• Approx Pages: 23
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When acetaldehyde reacts with chemicals such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine then there is a strong chance that psychoactive alkaloids such as salsolinol will be produced (Sullivan et. al 2010). ... After a person dies, their brain goes through a process in order to preserve the brain structure, which in turn enables studies to be done (Sullivan et. al 2010). ... This translates into alcoholics still being able to do tasks that require hand-eye coordination, it just seems to take them a longer amount of time to do so (Sullivan et. al 2010). ... The average person uses the part of th...

• Word Count: 1130
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As stated "The advances in the field of behavior genetics have begun to identify specific genes that are involved in the development of complex disorders such as schizophrenia" (Gerber et al., 2003; Hashimoto et al., 2003; Williams et al., 1999) and autism (Lamb, Moore, Bailey, & Monaco, 2000; Nurmi et al., 2003). ...

• Word Count: 883
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Interestingly, these patients with parkin mutations do not have lewy bodies and also appear to have deficient parkin protein, whereas the concentrations of parkin is normal in Parkinson's disease (Farrer et al., 2001). ... Also, mitochondrion is thought to have a very significant role in the events that lead to apoptotic cell death (Zamzami et al. 1997). There is now evidence that apoptotic cell death is present in the brain tissue of recently deceased Parkinson's patients (Tatton et al. 1998). ...

• Word Count: 4190
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the study by Leon-Carrion et al. (2003), a comparison was made of the school and head injury histories of violent and non-violent prisoners. ... However, it was found that "what differentiated the violent from the non-violent group was a history of having suffered head injuries that were never treated- (Leon-Carrion et al., 2003, p207). ... Furthermore, it has also been shown that some individuals "had no trouble with the law until they became head-injured well into adulthood- (Sarapata et al., 1998, p831). ... They concluded that "dysfunction in the limbic system [has] been implicated i...

• Word Count: 2126
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The researchers conclude that these two hypotheses are related but focus on two different questions (Marcusson-Clavertz et al., 2016). ... "(Marcusson et al., 2016, p. 453) The method used to prove their hypothesis was a series of tests administered by the experimenters. ... The second session consisted of "the second version of the Stroop task, followed by the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the SART" (Marcusson-Clavertz et al., 2016, p. 456). ... (Marcusson-Clavertz et al., 2016) In an article entitled "Hit the Reset Button in Your Brain," from The New York Times, w...

• Word Count: 998
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The word is derived from the Greek word tera, meaning monster (Little et al., 1991). ... The results of the Jones and Smith study led to the 1989 United States Public Law number 100-690 being implemented which required warning labels be placed on all alcohol beverages sold in the United States alerting all pregnant women of the potential harm alcohol has to unborn babies (Streissguth et al., 1991). ... (Little et al., 1990). ... These children often are bedwetters, have erratic sleep patters, minimal sense of self-protection, are wildly impulsive, and often respond to minor frustration...

• Word Count: 2014
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Owen et al. (2010) concluded that in all three groups, the results provided no clear evidence to support the belief that regular use of computer programs using brain training tasks, improves overall cognitive function in healthy participants, beyond the tasks that were actually provided. ... From this Smith et al. (2009) gathered 487 applicants all 65 years or older with substantial cognitive damage, they were then arbitrarily assigned into age groups, the age groups were then randomly put into either an experimental group or a control group. ... Smith et al. (2009) concluded that the result...

• Word Count: 908
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(Caffrey, et al, 2003:282) Pain can also be categorised in regard to a pathophysiological cause: nociceptive as somatic or visceral and neuropathic pain. ... Some common presentations of children in hospital are procedure-related pain and abdominal pain which most of the time fall into the acute pain category (Schechter et al, 2003). ... Pain causes autonomic, physiological and psychological responses in individuals which is very unique to that individual (Seeley el al, 2003). Furthermore, pain can be described as a multidimensional experience which needs to be confronted with a holistic mul...

• Word Count: 1516
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Alzheimer's is characterized by the progressive loss of cognitive function, like reasoning capabilities; speak impairments, marked changes in personalities and memory recollection (Hyman et al 2012). ... The Journal Article written was compiled by McNaughton et al With the aim of determining the prevalence of Copy number variation in Amyloid Precursor Proteins (APP) and Prion Proteins (PRNP) in a larger referral series, testing a screening method for detection of the genes and expanding knowledge of the clinical phenotype, the paper detailed methods and discussion of the findings. ...

• Word Count: 5609
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1984 the group of Hugdahl et al, (Hugdahl 2012) began research on auditory laterality, using a variation of the dichotic listening technique. ... Hugdahl et al. (2003), investigated dichotic listening performance and frontal lobe function in no aphasiac patients with left and right lesions compared to healthy controls. ... It has been hypothesized in Green et al. (1994) that hearing imaginary voices involves the same physiological processes as those involved in hearing real voices, but this hypothesis has not been conclusively confirmed. ...

• Word Count: 1996
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Assignment Critically discuss the different ways sex differences in intelligence are influenced by biological and environmental factors. Response The sex differences in intelligence between men and women have been argued by many researchers over the past decades. However, there is not much substan...

• Word Count: 1790
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There are three major misconceptions in the popular definition of heritability that have obstructed the understanding of the nature-nurture debate: firstly that heritability applies to a single individual rather than to differences among individuals, secondly that heritability tells us whether a trait can be changed, and finally that heritability is a fixed number (Lilienfeld et al., 2010). ...

• Word Count: 3294
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate