Throughout these three phases, the philosophers of the enlightenment from chapter eighteen are represented in influencing the French revolution. These philosophers, including Locke, Smith, Wollstonecraft, Rousseau, and Montesquieu, proved as a guiding force through the best and worst parts of the French revolution. ... To solve the financial crisis, the works of the Scottish philosopher, Adam Smith, is represented and had to be used. ... The French revolution came about because the ideas of the philosophers from the enlightenment were shown through the changes from the old regime to how Fran...

• Word Count: 1221
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This not only influenced political doctrines and ideas, but was also a sharp contrast from ideas and harmony featured during the Enlightenment. The Romantic era grew alongside the Enlightenment, but concentrated on human diversity and looking at life in a new way. ... The perception that the Enlightenment was destroying the natural human soul and substituting it with the mechanical, artificial heart was becoming prevalent across Europe. ... Romanticism began to show the people that the Enlightenment had overstayed its welcome by leading the people to a future that offered a vision of mankind a...

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• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

France then tried to adopt and follow the ways of the British, even going as far to take social and political ideas from their philosophers into their period of Enlightenment. French philosopher Voltaire said it best when he described the feelings of the people of France leading up to the Revolution as a "civil war in every soul". ... There emerged a revolutionary ideology that came not from revolutionaries or philosophers, but from those of the ruling class, who would share their thoughts and ideas in the Paris salons. ...

• Word Count: 686
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The classical period in music tends to be associated with the movement called the Age of Reason or the Enlightenment, which began earlier in the eighteenth century. ... The philosophies of the Enlightenment naturally affected artists, the arts, and their influence on the popular culture. The influence of the Enlightenment on classical music may be seen as a notable decline of religious compositions accompanied by a sharp rise in secular music written specifically for middle-class audiences rather than the nobility. This trend was promoted by philosophers who believed that art and music shou...

• Word Count: 1406
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The influential figureheads of the Enlightenment period are cast over vastly different areas of expertise. ... Roadblocks and doubters aside, brave actions throughout many other great philosophers, such as Martin Luther who, like Galileo, was harshly punished for their "treason" against the church. ... That feat alone, aside from the mathematical, astronomical, and scientific laws established, was the greatest factor in the overall change in Europe during the Enlightenment Period....

• Word Count: 1038
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Catherine took on many ideas of the French Enlightenment, borrowing from Western philosophers. ... Catherine admired European writing, inviting philosophers and writers to Russia to share their thoughts and work with her. ...

• Word Count: 969
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Absolutism seemed, to political philosophers like Hobbes and Bodin, the only workable solution to the religious divisions that exposed people to such anarchy as to render everyday human life impossible. ... Enlightened despots/enlightened absolutists: rulers who claimed to use their power to improve the lives of their subjects by employing the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers. ... Although she often spoke in terms of the French philosophers who saw the enserfment of fellow humans as a blot on civilization, Catherine took no effective action to end serfdom or soften its rigors. ...

• Word Count: 1362
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Jacob mentions that the natural philosophers "looked forward to the progressive purification of religion and a moral reformation to which science was seen as being crucial."" ... In Mesmerism and the End of the Enlightenment in France, Mercier asserts that "love of the marvelous always conquers us, because, sensing confusedly how little we know of the forces of nature, we ecstatically welcome anything that leads us to discoveries about them.""8 This excerpt depicts the populace as a body that will follow anything that seems even somewhat plausible. ...

• Word Count: 1480
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They founded the Institut d'Egypte with the aim of propagating enlightenment values in Egypt through interdisciplinary work. ... Enlightenment thinkers such as Kant, Smith and Diderot were critical of the barbarity of colonialism and challenged the idea that Europeans had the obligation to ˜civilize' the rest of the world. However, before enlightenment thinkers could articulate a compelling critique of colonialism, they had to recognize the importance of culture and the possibility of cultural pluralism. ...

• Word Count: 4296
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In response to the new thinking that was sparked by the Enlightenment, Romanticism, the Industrial Revolution and other changes in society, bloody and peaceful revolutions took place all over Europe. ... This document showed the romantic views of French-Swiss philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as well as the Enlightenment's rationalism. ... A child of the Enlightenment and advanced in the ranks by the revolution, Napoleon strove to create a meritocracy, a domestic system based on skill and talent rather than artificial and inherited worth like the aristocracy. ... Before the French R...

• Word Count: 4395
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate