During the late 1700's, two great revolutions occurred, the American Revolution and the French Revolution. ... When French Revolution occurred, it turned into a very violent and bloody event, while the American Revolution was almost nonviolent, aside from the war. ... However, the real French Revolution began not at Versailles but on the streets of Paris. ... The French Revolution had begun. ... The only thing that ended the carnage, inside France, at least, was a man on horseback, Napoleon Bonaparte. ...

• Word Count: 2777
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The French endured a long and bloody series of one single revolution also, and the world would never be the same. ... This regicide marked the second stage of the French Revolution and the first appearance of the National Convention which was headed by the radical Jacobin Society. This society gained a great deal of power as moderates drew back from their participation, and a period of distrust and conflict ensued as the nations surrounding France became more and more alarmed at the revolution. ... The final stage of the French Revolution occurred when the bourgeois failed at government and th...

• Word Count: 4395
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There seems to be a widespread opinion that the outbreak of the French Revolution was on the 14th of July 1789, at the Storming of the Bastille. ... This nationwide uprising was fired by fears for the safety of ripening crops – against the extraction of 'seigniorial dues' and labour services by aristocratic landlords.8 This movement was only subdued by the abolition of feudalism on the 4th of August 1789, cementing the end of the old aristocratic order. ... According to Cobban, far from being the result of a class conflict, the Revolution of 1789 was an 'accident caused ...

• Word Count: 3440
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Contrary to common belief, women were important contributors to the popular movement during the French Revolution. ... The women of 18th century France pioneered through uncharted ideological, political, and social grounds, but their work was fruitless in establishing women's rights in the constitution written after the French Revolution. ... An aristocratic women's duty was to live simply and modestly, abjuring luxury, and wearing only French-made clothing. ... In towns and cities, in particular Paris, women were the prime movers behind disturbances at the marketplace, some of...

• Word Count: 3295
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The total number of slaves imported by the Portuguese is estimated at around 4.2 million- excluding those who met their fatal end during the middle passage- and their economy dramatically flourished during their time as the leader of transatlantic trade7. ... France was a predominant figure in the trading and exploitation of African slaves, in the ten years spanning 1720-30 French ships took over 85,0008 enslaved Africans to the plantations in the Americas. ... The centrality of the transatlantic slave trade to the economic growth in France was notably highlighted by C.L.R. ... The French Revo...

• Word Count: 2679
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When young, Leon joined many revolutionary groups and ended up in great troubles. ... In the end, he became a renowned writer and the best in that newspaper. General causes of the Russian Revolution Poverty In order to understand Trotsky's role in the Russian revolution in the year 1917, perhaps an insight into the causes of the Russian revolution would shed light upon some of the reasons as to why he was a major player in the fight. ... Even though there were those seeking peaceful revolution, the banning of the government only pushed for extreme measures in the end. ... The effect of...

• Word Count: 3845
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution lasted from 1966-1976. ... The main phenomenon dealt with in the essay is the major shift in historical writings against the Cultural Revolution. ... In the case of Mao's Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, as there can be no definite argument on why Mao Zedong would encourage Chinese students to enact the decimation of his own revolutionary gains, the Cultural Revolution remains unbelievably enigmatic. ... Roderick MacFarquhar's Origins of the Cultural Revolution 1 , as the leading volume dealing with this period in the 70's, repr...

• Word Count: 4647
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Tsar who defeated the French Empire was profoundly influenced by their domestic and foreign affairs, leading his vision of Russia to enhance and protect the revolutionary ideals of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. ... She and the Russian people closely watched the events in of the French Revolution and celebrated when news was heard of the fall of the Bastille. ... Alexander symbolizes the gains of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, by wanting to step away from the unpredictable governmental behavior of Paul I. ... Again we see the resemblance to the French Revolution...

• Word Count: 2847
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

So a united Italy in 1815 would only mean French domination of Italy, so the powers generally accepted the settlement even though the 1815 settlement ignored the moral principles which first French Revolution and the Romanticism had unleashed in Europe. Even liberal powers like Britain and the mother of Revolution, France did not dare to take the risk of a war which may be caused if Italy was united and this might invite foreign intervention in the young Italy. ... His optimism was his main weakness because he thought that Italians, illiterate and divided could carry out the revolution from, t...

• Word Count: 10644
• Approx Pages: 43
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Instead, the young Stalin became a devoted advocate for Marxist revolution. ... In 1917, the Russian Revolution toppled the Tsarist government. ... As Hitler rose to power in Germany, Stalin first contemplated forming a defensive alliance with Britain and France against the Nazis. ... It was the end of any trace of "normal" family life for Stalin, and witnesses saw tears in his eyes at her funeral--the only report that we have of the great dictator crying. ...

• Word Count: 5151
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When the war was finally brought to an end, the French Colonial Empire had ceded Quebec, the former New France, to Britain; so the British Empire finally established its hegemony in North America. ... An all-out independent war spreading over the entire North American Continent seemed predictable because the habitants, early French settlers in Canada, were from Britain's archenemy France; nevertheless, the Province of Quebec did not rise up against Britain. ... They assumed that the French populace, suffering under the British rule, would doubtless join the struggle for freedom, but they ...

• Word Count: 2752
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

We first see this stance illustrated during the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1792. ... As Kaufman notes, "if the United States became embroiled in the French Revolution, the young nation would become perilously vulnerable to France's British and Spanish enemies sitting athwart its vital flanks " (Kaufman 8). Washington took a practical approach to United States involvement in the French Revolution and while he may have desired to send military help abroad, he showed restraint and acknowledged that the young republic had far more to lose than to gain if they did get involved. ... D...

• Word Count: 5653
• Approx Pages: 23
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

History Coursework - World War One 1) Sources A, B and C are war recruitment posters published by various governments with the aim of influencing more people to volunteer for armed service in the war. Sources A and B are an earlier type of source, depending on the patriotic fervour that swept Britain at the war's outset, portraying enlistment as a duty to the country and empire. The posters themselves being of an accusatory nature, demanding from the reader "What did you do in the war?" and that they should "Go!", the fighting taking a crusade-like facade in which the only way...

• Word Count: 6124
• Approx Pages: 24
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Francois Quesnay, a French economist leader of the physiocrats, believed that only the agricultural classes are capable of producing surplus out of which the state could find the capital to support an expansion of the flow of money or could levy taxes to meet its needs. ... Another reason for the Industrial Revolution is the significant increase in population. ... While enclosure in the end contributed to an increased agricultural surplus, it brought disaster to the countryside. ... There were some other consequences of the industrial revolution; free competition. ... Communism advocates re...

• Word Count: 3577
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Military supplies were plentiful, credit easily obtained, and the early vestiges of the Industrial Revolution were gaining a foothold with England in the forefront. ... The surrender of Cornwallis effectively ended the war. ... Less than six months before the defeat of Cornwallis at Yorktown, the British intercepted a letter written by George Washington wherein he expressed the need for the war to end with the next campaign. The Continental Army was exhausted, the fledgling nation impoverished. " we are at the end of our tether now or never our deliverance must come " Washington wrote. ...

• Word Count: 10342
• Approx Pages: 41
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Australia at Vietnam War In the years following the end of the Second World War, colonies of the Western Powers throughout Africa and Asia were clamouring for self-determination and nationhood. ... By the end of 1949, the situation had radically changed with the success of the Chinese Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA) against the Nationalist Chinese. ... In the end, he did little for the French military effort. ... To this end, Dien Bien Phu was occupied and established as a major fortress in 1953. ... The loss of Bien Dien Phu had broken French will to continue and on 20 July 1...

• Word Count: 4606
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Eva attended school in the town of Junin, where she and her family ended up settling down. ... He qualified, specializing in dermatology, and went to La Paz, Bolivia, during the National Revolution which he condemned as opportunist. ... In Guatemala he saw the CIA at work as the principal agents of counterrevolution and was confirmed in his view that Revolution could be made only be armed insurrection. ...

• Word Count: 3519
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Most European scientists expanded on and publicized Darwin's theory of evolution and natural selection, including in Ireland, the Netherlands, and France. The following factors will be compared and contrasted between countries because of their reception of Darwinism: in Ireland, through the Protestant church and how Catholics rejected the idea, in the Netherlands, three specific groups who made up a political-religious divide between progressive liberals and conservative Christians, and in France, how early theories of evolution and natural selection gave way to Darwin's theory. 1 T...

• Word Count: 3674
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After this incarceration ended, Stalin was sentenced to three years exile in Siberia, from which he managed to escaped in 1904. ... Petersburg) upon hearing that the February Revolution had brought about the abdication of the Tsar and the installation of the Provincial Government. ... After Lenin's return several months later, Stalin's influence rapidly declined (due to his failure to completely agree with all of Lenin's positions, including his advocacy of an "armed revolution" to overthrow the Provisional Government). ... Although Stalin apparently had no role in the October...

• Word Count: 7507
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In all these actions, the model of the Russian Revolution, although it was only vaguely understood, encouraged the development of local radicalism. ... Neither party preached revolution, yet both urged wide-ranging social and economic reforms. The rising radical tide, especially seen against the backdrop of the Bolshevik revolution, worried other social groups. ... Meanwhile, Mussolini preached the end of class conflict and its replacement by national unity. ...

• Word Count: 5609
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

According to this reality and the stated requisites for democracy, the Arab Spring revolutions lacked the basis for democracy in the first place. ... In Libya, such a change only occurred after months of armed conflict between regime supporters and opponents, and ended in the killing of the country's leader during the fight. ... On political and economic reform, it remains to be seen what the nature of the democratic political systems that emerge following the Arab Spring revolutions will be. ... The jumbled view that political reform and openness will immediately result `n a better eco...

• Word Count: 3677
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Iran and the USA in the 1970s The Iranian revolution began in January 1978 and ended with the Shah's replacement by an Islamic fundamentalist government in February 1979. ... THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION Iran, at the head of the Persian Gulf and stretching along its northern and eastern shores, has long served the western powers as a barrier against Russian ambitions toward the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Peninsula. ... Supplementing its strategic importance was its vast oil and gas reserves: possessing 10% of all known oil deposits and being the worlds second largest producer up until th...

• Word Count: 2854
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They also get into criminal activities, and they die or end up in prison. ... In the end, there exists a significant productivity loss as a result of the non-white individuals barred from employment opportunities because of their criminal records. ... The industrial revolution began in Britain and went further into Germany passing through France and Belgium. The revolution changed the way in which the goods got produced and the way of living. The revolution resulted in changes in the social structure. ...

• Word Count: 2870
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For the Marxist-Leninists, the struggle for general-democratic reforms is at the same time a struggle to prepare the socialist revolution. ... Contrary to these illusions, Marxism-Leninism states that the transition to socialism is effected by a social revolution as Lenin proved the objective need for such revolutionary and reformist directives and programmes (Zagladin V.V. 1973:137-138). ...

• Word Count: 3485
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The communist ideology and the western reaction to it had not changed by the end of the World War II. ... As troops returned to their native countries following the end of the war, many were greeted with thoughts of displacement and unemployment. ... Conflict and mistrust between the West and the Soviet Union is possible to trace as far back as 1917 when the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia led to the creation of the world's first communist state. ... The official ideology of the USSR stated the inevitability of conflict with western capitalist states and class struggle would lead to a wo...

• Word Count: 3287
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate