Italy and Germany had been unified not many decades earlier, Britain was enjoying the beneficial effects of an Industrial Revolution, and France was angry and thirsty for revenge over the loss of Alsace-Lorraine. ... The Moroccan crisis between France and Germany proved to be one "testing ground" for French allies Britain and Russia. ... The African crises had already bred hostilities between all of these nations, and Britain was allied with France as a result of this as well. As Germany violated the Belgian neutrality by invading to facilitate an attack on France, Britain then declared war...

• Word Count: 621
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The height of those concerns coincided with the winds of revolution beginning to blow across the Russian nation. ... With the Russian military dealing with the rumblings of revolution and the wavering certainty of the Tsar, France could help to keep potential German attacks in check. Likewise, if the Kaiser set his sights on France, Russia could mobilize in retaliation. Due to the circumstances, France simply was forced to pick a side, and went with Russia. ... When it became obvious that Austria-Hungary leaders were looking to use the Serbian tensions as an excuse to finally end the Serbi...

• Word Count: 1352
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Throughout the 19th century, Europe went through the Second Industrial Revolution. The Second Industrial Revolution caused the growth of coal, iron, electricity, petroleum, and steel. ... After the end of Second World War, the Marshall Plan was introduced. ... For example, France struggled with developing a new Parliament and Britain struggled with developing a new social policy. ... The mid nineteenth century was the period of the Second Industrial Revolution. ...

• Word Count: 870
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Instead, the young Stalin became a devoted advocate for Marxist revolution. ... In 1917, the Russian Revolution toppled the Tsarist government. ... As Hitler rose to power in Germany, Stalin first contemplated forming a defensive alliance with Britain and France against the Nazis. ... It was the end of any trace of "normal" family life for Stalin, and witnesses saw tears in his eyes at her funeral--the only report that we have of the great dictator crying. ...

• Word Count: 5151
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

At the end of the Second World War, France lied in ruins and Vietnam was left with no governmental occupation after the surrender of the Japanese. This was known as the August revolution and can also be seen as the turning point for Ho and the Viet Minh as they filled the power vacuum' and declared Vietnam independent which gave Ho the opportunity to gain support from the peasants. ... These consisted of the severe damages that the French had caused to the country, the harshly affected rice fields due to the French robbing them for their own interests and the economic class system that ha...

• Word Count: 1088
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

To some extent the Spanish Civil War struggled between Fascism and Communism but towards the end, Fascism was not applied by the government. ... As these major groups quarreled over military and revolutionary policy they caused a social revolution and severe internal confusion. ... Other counties like France and Mexico also contributed military aid to help the Republicans fight for their cause. ...

• Word Count: 437
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The film itself depicts the story of a group of French Prisoner of Wars (POWs) that are trapped in the POW camp during the Great War from 1914 to 1918. We clearly see the many nationalities of the soldiers that were held captive in these camps, ranging from Russians to French under the authority of the German soldiers. ... We see the three main characters introduced in the film clearly representing the different classes during that period of time – De Boiedieu as part of the aristocracy that was a remnant from the French Revolution (Kerans, 1960, Pg. 14), Rosenthal as the rich Bourgeoise...

• Word Count: 1185
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

History Coursework - World War One 1) Sources A, B and C are war recruitment posters published by various governments with the aim of influencing more people to volunteer for armed service in the war. Sources A and B are an earlier type of source, depending on the patriotic fervour that swept Britain at the war's outset, portraying enlistment as a duty to the country and empire. The posters themselves being of an accusatory nature, demanding from the reader "What did you do in the war?" and that they should "Go!", the fighting taking a crusade-like facade in which the only way...

• Word Count: 6124
• Approx Pages: 24
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Cold War begins with the end of the Second World War (WWII) in 1945, when the world was left crippled and needed to be reconstructed in some manner. ... Historian André Fontaine, moreover, sees the starting point of the war in 1917 with the Bolshevik Revolution, and suggests that it was mainly due to the aggressive policies of the USSR in foreign policy, dictated by its Communist ideology. The Soviets justify their expansionism in accordance with their Marxist theory which advocated the need to spread revolution throughout the world. ... French historian Alexis de Tocqueville suppor...

• Word Count: 990
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For over one hundred years, until the end of World War II, Cambodia remained a French colony. The French did implement a rudimentary state education system, but only for the well-off. However, the French were much more involved in their more lucrative and well-known colony of Vietnam, and did not spread an educational system to the majority of the Cambodian population. ... During the Khmer Rouge's spectacularly brutal reign, a time in which the "blood of Vietnam" spilled over Cambodia's borders to inspire frenzied revolutionary terror, formal education ended. 18 "My,&q...

• Word Count: 1503
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After this incarceration ended, Stalin was sentenced to three years exile in Siberia, from which he managed to escaped in 1904. ... Petersburg) upon hearing that the February Revolution had brought about the abdication of the Tsar and the installation of the Provincial Government. ... After Lenin's return several months later, Stalin's influence rapidly declined (due to his failure to completely agree with all of Lenin's positions, including his advocacy of an "armed revolution" to overthrow the Provisional Government). ... Although Stalin apparently had no role in the October...

• Word Count: 7507
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The most popular view on the origins of the Cold War would be considered to lay in the policies of the World War II, others would say that the mistrust between the two started with the Bolshevik revolution in Russia and communists gaining power. ... The Bolsheviks seize power in the "October" Revolution in 1917. ... Therefore, we could argue that the US primarily and the West as a whole were very suspicious and sometimes paranoid about Russia as soon as it has overthrew its Tsar, made a revolution and became a Soviet Union. ... By the end of the year there were nearly 200.000 troops ther...

• Word Count: 1778
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The communist ideology and the western reaction to it had not changed by the end of the World War II. ... As troops returned to their native countries following the end of the war, many were greeted with thoughts of displacement and unemployment. ... Conflict and mistrust between the West and the Soviet Union is possible to trace as far back as 1917 when the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia led to the creation of the world's first communist state. ... The official ideology of the USSR stated the inevitability of conflict with western capitalist states and class struggle would lead to a wo...

• Word Count: 3287
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the end, according to Joll, in July "events were moving too fast for the diplomats because the decisions were now more and more being taken by the soldiers." ... France and Russia had their own pact. ... The British were involved in the usual strategic planning aiming at securing their access to the Empire and, in the end, the arms race "contributed to the feeling that war was inevitable." ... Although economic interest had often lead to strategic frictions between the Great Powers, in the end "economic interests were not too much [ ] in the minds of the politicians" in July 1914. ... In th...

• Word Count: 4114
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Since the revolution, trade with the outside world had been severely reduced and the U.S.S.R had to rely almost entirely on its own resources to industrialise. ... The proletariat was seen as the backbone of the revolution and so to continue the revolution the proletariat had to be increased. ... These concerned were expressed at both high and low levels and the five-year plans were seen as both a revolution from above and a revolution from below. ... The Nepmen were prime targets, but Kulaks, the richer farmers, and bourgeois experts were seen as contrary to the claim of revolution. ... In ad...

• Word Count: 5589
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

At the end of the First World War, German shipyards were forbidden to construct surface warships above 10,000 tones under the conditions charged by the treaty of Versailles. ... On the other side, a four shaft arrangement on the ship would allow greater potential to steer the ship with only using propeller revolutions, despite the fact that the passage of the propeller shaft through a ship's side weakens the torpedo protection where a hit may cause an outstanding damage, causing flood along the shaft. ... The Bismarck was closing in shelter at Brest, France when a torpedo from a biplane j...

• Word Count: 979
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The end of World War II was also the end of a wartime alliance between America and Russia, as Truman and Stalin could not agree of the division of Europe (Divine 666). ... Many western European countries including England, Italy, and France were slowly recovering from the devastation of the war (Divine 670). Years of depression, food scarce, and resentment called for the growing interest in communist voting and expansion, especially in France and Italy (Divine 670). ... There was little down time between the end of World War II and the beginning of the Truman administration's next foreign...

• Word Count: 2478
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Efforts to leave the Warsaw Pact by member countries were crushed, for instance in the Hungarian revolution of 1956. ... Instead, the conflict continued from the end of World War II until the break up of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. ... Arguably, the most vivid symbol of the Cold War was the Berlin Wall, isolating West Berlin (the portion controlled by West Germany and allied with France, England and the United States) from East Germany, which completely surrounded it. ... In 2002, Serbia and Montenegro, came to a new agreement regarding continued cooperation, which, among other change...

• Word Count: 2078
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

On July 18, 1941, Soviet Prime Minister Joseph Stalin requested that the allies create a second front by invading German-occupied France. ... The American presidents military advisors soon made it clear to him that an invasion of France during 1942 was out of the question. ... The Americans attempted to compromise by proposing to send small contingents of troops to the French coast in order to test Germanys strength. ... In the end, the assault of Northern France codenamed Operation Overlord did not begin until June of 1944.1 Perhaps the most significant dilemma facing the Allies following t...

• Word Count: 5160
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Historically, Huntington describes the transition from "the Peace of Westphalia" (Huntington, 1993) to the French Revolution, quoting R. ... Palmer from 1793 along the way, when he said 'The wars of kings were over; the wars of peoples had begun', then quickly moved to how the Russian Revolution and World War I "yielded a conflict of ideologies" (Huntington, 1993). ...

• Word Count: 1840
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The European Union was originally established in 1950 to bring the six European nations of Germany, France, Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands closer together. ... The industrialisation of both China and Japan owe its revolution to America and Europe, therefore you can find European institutions within South-East Asia, which makes trading not such a foreign experience, or in other words, even our newly found friends have been influenced by Europe in some time in their history. ... It wasn't really until the end of the second world war, when Australia's independence with...

• Word Count: 1750
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The possibility of the end of the Cold War for so long seemed out of the question. ... "(2) Brezhnev believed that eventually, the capitalist West would experience revolution and would turn towards their socialist brothers for support. ... It was going to take two nations working towards a similar goal in order to bring an end to the Cold War. And so ended the 1970s. ... This 'New Thinking' offered an entirely new attitude to Leninism-Marxism and all the policies upon which the Soviet Union had existed since the Revolution of 1917. ...

• Word Count: 3267
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the end of 1930s, the world's two powers, Axis, headed by Japan, German, and Italy and Allies, headed by the United States, Soviet Union, Britain, France and China, fought in all over the world until the middle of 1940s. ... The idea of Japanese imperialism and their dominance started after the introduction of Meiji Restoration, a reform, renovation, revolution, and renew of the government system, and it brought the practical imperial rule in Japan in 1868. ... However, Hong Kong was captured by Japan in eighteen days, and the capitulation of Hong Kong was signed on December 26, 1941, ...

• Word Count: 1898
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The revolution in command is epitomized in the figure of General Zhukov: given greater freedom for decision making, "the man who beat Hitler" proved to be a formidable tactician. ... In Operation Bagration Hitler "senselessly" refused to allow encircled German troops to retreat and demanded they fight until the end, creating "avoidable losses," three times greater than D-Day. ... Swamped mud tracks did not support German trucks designed for French roads. ... By the end of 1942 Germany occupied an area containing 40% of the Russian population, and the majority of its coal manufacturing. ...

• Word Count: 2415
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Through much of history, the strength of a nation has been determined by the strength of its leader. Despite the appearance of holding power, leader's often are undermined by their own subjects as the case of Emperor Hirohito of Japan. It is true that during his reign Japan has seen a territorial...

• Word Count: 5382
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate