Earlier, the antifederalists fussed over how vast the federal government might become someday. ... Thus, we find no sovereignty located in the American political system. ... American federalism answers these questions but on a case-by-case basis through intergovernmental politics and court decisions. ... Early in American history, local governments and the states had most of it. ... (American Government , Page number 66) "Also, the constitution confers certain powers to both the Federal Government and State Governments. ...

• Word Count: 1375
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

One of the most revered presidents in history had been brutally assassinated just a year earlier, the demand for equal rights was greater than ever before, and to cap it off, America was about to declare war on Vietnam. ... On July 7, 1964, following one of the longest debates in senate history, Johnson signed the bill into law. ... In 1967, the Executive Order was amended to expand opportunities for women, because of their history of under appreciation. ... They rallied and regained some of their earlier power. ... When elected President, Bill Clinton gave the American people what they wanted...

• Word Count: 1839
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

We as Americans take pride in red, white, and blue and live for our history. America has created its own history since its discovery with the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492. ... Three major events that have a great importance not only to history then but to our existing history today have established the America we know. These events began in early, middle, and late "being 1800s "history. ... Lastly, in the late 1860s and early 1870s the 14th and 15th amendments were established. ...

• Word Count: 2392
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The early Americans wanted many things, from their own laws to religious freedoms, but most of all they wanted to be considered equals in the eyes of man. ... The irony found here in American history is that the country gained their freedom and equality from Britain, and was now fighting the same war against them. ... Now the nation was found in a brutal state of war, which would eventually determine the course of American history (Neely,56). ... In such a time in American history, President Lincoln could not help but hope for brighter and more prosperous days as a nation. ... The Civil ...

• Word Count: 1438
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The establishment of an effective Judicial System in the United States of America has come with numerous challenges over the past centuries. What is thought of as "probably the most important and the most satisfactory Act ever passed by Congress," the Judiciary Act of 1789 created for the people a system of courts that would ensure the presence of justice in the new American society. ... The best way to develop a possible answer to this question, however, can come with an examination of specific time periods in history involving the decisions made by the Court's members. ... The great...

• Word Count: 4341
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Looking back at what changed is a rather long process, but an important one as it is quite possibly the most important legal development in the history of the United States government. ... One of the biggest early tests of incorporation was the case of Barron v Baltimore. ... This case struck an early blow against the incorporation of the Bill of Rights to the states, as it set the precedent that states would not be held to it in the same way that the federal government would. ... You see these earlier cases that seem to be fairly to strongly anti-incorporation, but some cases in the future w...

• Word Count: 2594
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There has been prejudice towards those who are not whites males in America since its founding in 1776. ... The Civil Rights movement was making great strides when affirmative action was first introduced in the early 1960's. ... Earlier conservatives were allied with Southern segregationists, whose cooperation was essential to a conservative ascendancy in national affairs. ... Supporters who look for compensation emphasis the history of slavery and segregation suffered by blacks in this country and sometimes the devastation of American Indians. ... Discrimination had been a standard prac...

• Word Count: 1348
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The concept of having privacy in one's personal life is a relatively new concept and one that has strong roots in early American settlements. According to the Encyclopedia of Social History, the exact origins of the expectation and longing of individual privacy are unclear but key factors include the "waning power of community and, later, the reformation of family as a collection of individuals" (580). ... Ever since Americans have wanted and fought for this "right to be left alone" in hopes of gaining personal privacy from their government as well as individuals who have been gathering...

• Word Count: 2150
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In doing that it over turned its own decision in an identical case only three years earlier, and demonstrated that, even at its highest and presumable at most levels, constitutional jurisprudence can be fickle. ... When the court struck down theuse of a school scripted general prayer declaring obedience to God, had been accused of legislating " never adjudicated with on eye on Kremlin and the other in the NAACP" and the congressman called it "the most tragic rulling in the history of the United States." A Gallup Poll indicated that 76% of American citizens supported the concept of a constitu...

• Word Count: 562
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Americans are divided on the two positions of the issue: 1) protect free speech even though some people abuse it or 2) freedom of speech does not outweigh the need for ethical principles. ... Today, Americans have developed a distinct position toward freedom of expression. Since the early history of our country, the protection of basic freedoms has been of the utmost importance to Americans. "Although First Amendment jurisprudence is almost entirely a creation that began in the 20th century, common law protection for freedom of speech began much earlier, in the 18th and 19th centuries. .....

• Word Count: 1987
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Roosevelt had to make a decision regarding how to handle the sizable Japanese-American population on the west coast. ... The Vestment Clause, found in Section I, states that "The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America"3. ... Fred Korematsu refused to obey the wartime order to leave his home and report to a relocation camp for Japanese Americans. ... So long as Congress has the opportunity to weigh in later so that the President can either receive the praise or accept the consequences, I think the lives that might be saved by acting earlier outw...

• Word Count: 1503
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Thomas Graunger, the first juvenile known to be executed in America, was tried and found guilty of bestiality in 1642 in Plymouth Colony, MA. ... Our history is replete with laws and judicial recognition that minors, especially in their earlier years, generally are less mature and responsible than adults."" ... There has been research conducted on the 91 juveniles who had been sentenced to death between 1973 and 1991 found that: - Almost half of those sentenced had troubled family histories and social backgrounds and problems such as physical abuse, unstable childhood environments, and illit...

• Word Count: 2175
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

During the early 1900s, America was experiencing the Gilded Age and Progressive Era in which the American government tried to find a balance between interfering with and giving freedom to the market. However, in dealing with the conflicts between employers and employees at that moment, the way the American government reacted to these cases generated fierce discussion about justice and injustice. ... At the end of the nineteenth century, America moved from the Gilded Age to the Progressive Era where the social activists, politicians, and professionals called for social reforms in order to deal ...

• Word Count: 1415
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

During the early testing period when few precedents existed, there was much debate about fundamental issues concerning what was intended by the words of the Constitution and which part of government should have the final word in defining the meaning of these words. ... Although his decision loosely construes and even stretches the meaning of the Constitution, Marshall's ruling on this case overall is not detrimental to the well-being of the American people. The Supreme Court is the only branch of government that could act to strengthen the national government during the early history of t...

• Word Count: 1148
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This was important to the city because of the large protected population of protected minority groups (nearly 60% of the population are either African American or Hispanic) that live in the city. ... Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, it is illegal to discriminate in any aspect of the hiring process in employment. ... I believe that the evidence in the case shows that New Haven was aware of the potential issues with Title VII and the possibility of lawsuits from African American candidates. ...

• Word Count: 2855
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Few people were willing to challenge or defy societal norms, weary of being branded "un-American", and therefore, a communist. One reason for this fear was the popular witch hunt, led by Senator Joseph McCarthy, under the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). ... Despite this radical change in regard to race relations few other changes in the structure of American society occurred. This is perhaps, no more clear, than in the strict roles followed within the American family. ... This picture of the ideal family resulted in strict gender roles for both men and women, as well as, a ...

• Word Count: 3509
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

History indicated a tremendous amount of discrimination against women and minorities prior to the Affirmative Action initiative. ... The first surge represented a period of passionate debate that began in the early 1970s and tapered off after 1980 that was based upon disparity of opportunities for both women and minorities. ... The idea that Affirmative Action might harm its intended beneficiaries was suggested as early as the 1960s, when Affirmative Action began to take hold as government and corporate policy. ...

• Word Count: 2365
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Of course, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there were reports of numerous scandals and reports of kickbacks, and other various types of shady activity within corporations and the government. ... There were other corporate and political crimes being committed during this time in history, but this particular crime was one of the more famous cases. ... According to information in a textbook titled, American Public Policy: An Introduction, the biggest expenditures of "soft money" comes from special interest groups (Cochran et al. 156). ... Since America is slowly evolving to a c...

• Word Count: 2580
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Throughout history, there has been an everlasting conflict between having a broader or narrower interpretation of the US Constitution. ... In America, all citizens were protected by "all forms of religious expression, creedal, sectarian or nonsectarian, wherever and however taking place, except conduct which trenches upon the like freedoms of others or clearly and presently endangers the community's good order and security" (Rutledge). ...

• Word Count: 3421
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate