When a person uses a psychoactive drug and the affects that drug has also depends on the person's expectations, the social setting, and cultural beliefs and value. Addiction is known to be a brain disease or disorder, which affects multiple brain functions, including those involved in sending signals for reward and motivation, learning and memory, and inhibitory control over behavior. ... In Freudian psychoanalysis, the client will be instructed to talk about the troubles that come to mind, with little editing as possible and without inhibiting or controlling thoughts and fantasies. ... P...

• Word Count: 883
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Addiction can come in many forms – Addiction to substances, Behavioral addictions and Impulse control disorders. ... There is loss of control when a person is drinking or drugging more than they intended to. As the effect of the alcohol or drugs wear off the person may experience symptoms like anxiety, jumpiness or sweating, nausea, insomnia, depression or fatigue, loss of appetite and headaches (Raimo & Eric B. & Schuckit, 1998). The brain releases a neurotransmitter called dopamine which triggers the brain's reward system after the intake of drugs, alcohol or any kind of addictiv...

• Word Count: 940
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There were quite a few questions regarding their intake of drugs and their response to these drugs for example their moods, sleep pattern and appetite. ... The questions consisted of the history of ecstasy use and any other drug use, how the drug/drugs were taken, if there was any physical or psychological issues or side effects and lastly if there were any other issues by using drugs for example relationship, financial and occupational issues (Topp et al, 1999). ... A total of sixty-four individuals participated in the study - 18 current heavy users for recreational purposes, 15 heavy uses fo...

• Word Count: 1325
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The amount and quality of parental monitoring is influenced by different factors such as divorce, serious financial distress, drug abuse and even mental illness. ... Even when kids are predisposed toward delinquency because of personality traits such as low self-control and impulsive personality might improve their life when are exposed to positive and effective parenting. ...

• Word Count: 486
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Anthropologists would look into the cultural background of marijuana and find that Marijuana is the most widely used drug in North America after a alcohol and cigarettes, which are both legal. ... This money could be used to help with more illicit drug trade with stuff like cocaine and heroin and funding overall drug use prevention and treatment programs. ... Patients who are HIV positive going through chemotherapy can have trouble keeping food down, so anything that helps them eat is helpful in gaining weight, 20% to 25% of patients in two1980s trials could completely control vomiting with ...

• Word Count: 813
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The majority of the drugs are classified as antidepressants. "Drugs such as clomipramine and fluoxetine have been used to treat OCD."... According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH 1999), "if one drug is not effective, others should be tried. ... Some may begin with medication to gain control over their symptoms and then continue with behavior therapy. ... The process then moves to the patient's ability to bear the anxiety and to control the rituals. ...

• Word Count: 1024
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The authors of the article thought that medical drugs were prescribed all together too often among older adults claiming Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). The authors disagree with the prescription of drugs such as benzodiazepines for GAD because of its side effects such as tolerance, withdrawal, accidents, cognitive impairment, drug interactions, and toxicity. ... Participants were taught the nature of anxiety and its purpose, how to monitor anxiety symptoms and situations, progressive, passive, applied, and cue-controlled muscle relaxation, risk estimation and decatastrophizing, imaginal...

• Word Count: 1027
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Suspended between a horrifying past and an uncertain future, victims of political violence have very little control over their destiny (Hussain & Bhushan, 2009). ... The presence of a mental illness can pose a risk for problematic drug use. ... Barriers to Treatment The stigma surrounding the use of drugs within many refugee communities deters members of those communities from accessing drug services and mental health treatment. Problematic drug users in refugee communities may wish to remain concealed. ... Shame and stigma lead drug users to remain silent about the issues they face, rather th...

• Word Count: 2537
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

His account includes the effects on his person both physically and mentally of the introduction of a drug called L-Dopa. The key focuses from a Humanistic viewpoint centre upon the quality of his sense of self prior and after the introduction of the drug, his ability to engage with others and his immediate environment. ... He attributes meanings to actions and responsibility for actions when citing the cause for his illness as a form of retribution for childhood masturbation. part of the experience of being a person is also the sense of being able to do things: every individual can initiate ac...

• Word Count: 898
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Obsessive compulsive disorder is marked by uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless rituals (often feel they have lost control of their mind) * There is a genetic predisposition to anxiety disorders * Somatoform Disorders are physical ailments that cannot be fully explained by organic conditions and are largely due to psychological factors. ...

• Word Count: 3108
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Improvements have been seen in the field through several studies, but no "miracle drug" has yet been discovered to treat the many complex facets of this mental disorder. ... The therapist becomes familiar with the patients attitude and knowledge of the illness, and explains the causes of the disease and its" drug treatments. ... Often, the patients can learn how to control, or at least minimize, the delusions and their effects. ...

• Word Count: 783
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Case Study Shelley is an eighteen year old, living rough with a history of self-harm and drug abuse. ... She finally moved out of her mother's house and ever since she has been stealing to support her drug habit. ... Additionally, prolonged drug use, as evident in Shelley's case, can lead to a variety of functional impairments, including diminished workplace productivity and cognitive impairments that persist into adulthood (Dietz & Dunn, 2014). ... In Shelley's case, problems such as self-harm, drug abuse, stealing and non-compliance are presented simultaneously. ... Distress...

• Word Count: 2050
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Another study that was done by Morrison and Stewart found that twenty percent compared to five percent of controls had a parent with a childhood history of hyperactive behavior. ... Oculomotor symptoms found in AD/HD could be caused by damage anywhere in the system that provides direct or indirect cortical control over eye movements. ... Hundreds of studies conducted indicate that stimulants (most commonly used), antidepressants, and clonidine (drug used to treat high blood pressure) can be very helpful for AD/HD. ... The only uses approved by the FDA for these drugs are AD/HD and narcolepsy. ...

• Word Count: 1429
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it is estimated 11 percent of children are taking antidepressants; from 1988-2008 the use of antidepressants in children has skyrocket 400 percent. Prescriptions for psychiatric drugs in children and adolescents have skyrocketed in the past 20 years. ... "Twenty years ago, our society began regularly prescribing psychiatric drugs to children and adolescents, and now 1 out of every 15 Americans enters adult-hood with a 'serious mental illness,'" (Whitaker 246). ... Food and Drug Administration has not approved specifi...

• Word Count: 2968
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Often disabling and sometimes profoundly affecting all aspects of a person life, interfering with a persons ability to interact with people, management or control of emotions, and the ability to think clearly. ... Those people who develop symptoms slowly, don't receive treatment, misuse drugs and alcohol, live in industrialized countries, are male, live in social isolation, or have poor family support, may be at greater risks for recurring relapses or a poor prognosis. ...

• Word Count: 535
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A common metaphor David Glenn uses in his essay "Divided Attention " would be of a night-club bouncer as controlled attention, keeping unneeded information from getting to the working-memory. Glenn also states: "[P]eople who differ in working-memory-capacity differ in other things is that higher-working-capacity people are simply better able to control their attention " (Glenn, 4). ... When one thinks about addiction, what might come to mind is a drug addict, alcoholic, or even the addiction to gambling. ... This 15.1% incidence may be compared with 6.2% of student respondents who were impair...

• Word Count: 1553
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When treating a patient who is suffering from depression, bipolar disorder or Alzheimer's disease hospitalization or drug treatments tend to be the preferred method over psychological exploration. ... Prescribed drugs may eliminate the problem on the surface but will never truly resolve the emotional issues that can trigger mental illness in the first place. ... Psychological and scientific definitions provide us with vast amounts of information on 'abnormal' mental and medical conditions, however a lack of consideration seems to exist for what the term actually means, and h...

• Word Count: 1145
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It is important for relatives to provide emotional support for the teenager for he or she may turn to alcohol, tobacco, and drugs. ... The most effective treatment would be the combination of psychotherapy and prescribed antidepressant drugs. ... If these issues are not balanced, controlled, and maintained, it will most likely cause depression and greatly affect the teen. ...

• Word Count: 1193
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

I always knew that one was a lot happier and laid back if they had high self-esteem, but I never knew that some of the benefits included: better sleep, less of a chance to conform to peer pressure, the ability to perform better in activities, less of a chance of abusing alcohol or drugs. ... I then began to read about internal and external locus of control, which seemed a bit confusing to me and it took a while for me to understand. I now know that they both deal with personal control, and I understand that external deals with outside forces possibly changing perception and that internal de...

• Word Count: 1290
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If a person struggling with an anxiety disorder worries excessively about many different things where they are unable to control their worry causing emotional distress and problems with school, relationships or work they probably have generalized anxiety disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). ... With 2%-3% of the population of adolescents and adults, this disorder is classified by unexpected and recurrent panic attacks that reaches its peak very quickly with symptoms such as sweating, increased heart rate, a choking feeling, dizziness, shaking or a fear of losing control, just to ...

• Word Count: 2036
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This role requires the use of reason and other intellectual resources in dealing with the external world, as well as the exercise of control over id demands. ... As the superego develops, it becomes an additional inner control system that copes with the uninhibited desires of the id. ... Some of these defects are inherited and some due to drugs or disease. ... Prenatal condition that can lead to premature birth and to low birth weight include nutritional deficiency, disease, exposure to radiation, drugs, emotional stress, and mother's excessive use of alcohol or tobacco. ... Depress...

• Word Count: 2608
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In this group are: the Health Action Process approach (HAPA), Heckhausen's Rubicon Model, Kuhl's Action Control Theory, Transtheoretical Model of Change and the Precaution Adoption process model. ... There are many health compromising behaviours; excessive alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, unsafe sex, unhealthy diet and illicit drug taking are just some (Taylor, 2002). ... Secondly the models will be applied to evidence for the behaviours of attempting to control drinking, or not attempting to control drinking. ... However, this would not explain why drinking increase...

• Word Count: 3646
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Some specific forms result from brain injury due to physical trauma or drug effects. ... In the same way that people inherit genes that control height and eye color, biosocial theorists believe that antisocial behavior characteristics may be inherited (Siegel & Senna, 1991, p.96). ... Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck (1974, p. 2) identified a number of personality characteristics that characterize delinquents:  Self-assertiveness  Defiance  Extroversion  Suspicion  Defiance ...

• Word Count: 1602
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Psychological disorders are displayed throughout all genres of the film industry. For audiences, disturbances of psychological functioning and behavior are so commonplace in popular media that a disassociation of a serious problem, or, an exaggeration of facts can occur. In the familiar movie, PSYCH...

• Word Count: 917
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, when compared to the married controls the widowed women had a decrease in mortality at the four year mark below that of the married cohorts. ... Men also demonstrate an increase in alcoholism and drug use after a death (Stroebe &Stroebe;, 1983). ...

• Word Count: 2465
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate