After publishing The Archaeology of Knowledge (1969), which described his method more explicitly, Foucault shifted to a genealogical approach influenced by Friedrich Nietzsche's critique of history that accounted for some of the deficiencies in his earlier approach.[6] In "Questions of Method, " Foucault participated in a roundtable discussion reflecting on his approach to the study of the history of the penal system in Discipline and Punish (1975). ... By tracing connections between medical knowledge, politics, economics, and religion, Foucault established a way of looking at the revolu...

• Word Count: 2204
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Until the nineteenth century, the aims of imprisonment were retribution and deterrence, "most crimes were dealt with by some combination of fines, corporal punishment, mutilation or death" (Scull 1977, p.18). ... Between the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries however, incarceration gradually became the predominant mode of punishment and the emphasis shifted to reform and rehabilitation as the primary aims of imprisonment (Tomasic and Dobinson 1979, p.14). ... This more rigid form of control saw surveillance and not just punishment being the objective. ... Th...

• Word Count: 2402
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate