1. "The Rationale for the Use of Imprisonment as a Last Resort
Until the nineteenth century, the aims of imprisonment were retribution and deterrence, "most crimes were dealt with by some combination of fines, corporal punishment, mutilation or death" (Scull 1977, p.18). ... Between the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries however, incarceration gradually became the predominant mode of punishment and the emphasis shifted to reform and rehabilitation as the primary aims of imprisonment (Tomasic and Dobinson 1979, p.14). ... This more rigid form of control saw surveillance and not just punishment being the objective. ... Th...
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- Grade Level: Undergraduate