Michelle Alexander discusses how every progressive, national civil rights organization in the country have mobilized and taken affirmative action on the injustice brought to them by a corrupted and bias government. ... I would evaluate that in response to the injustice brought on some African American prisoners, activist movements began to develop in order to face the political issues brought from the American government. ... On page 42 of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration, it states that segregationists developed a racially sanitized rhetoric of "cracking down on crime" and it...

• Word Count: 565
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1906, the Athletic Club of Brooklyn, NY, became the first independent black basketball team in the country. ... Washington once said, "Blacks should specialize in their traits in order to develop successful black businesses and develop economic stability.... Parents and educational officials worked toward developing young women who embodied the qualities of tenacity and self-control that would help them engage the inevitable obstacles placed in their paths by racism and sexism. ... Black newspapers across the country dubbed her "Queen Ora," describing her as "brilliant,...

• Word Count: 2290
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There, African American men, women, and children developed an underground culture through which they "affirmed their humanity". ... The "Old South" as the author constantly refers to it, " developed a serious positive-good proslavery argument, although hints and patches appeared everywhere that slavery existed." Genovese backs up this statement with documents of accounts of slaveholders from other countries at around this time period in order to differentiate the view of the Southerners with those of the international slaveholding community. ...

• Word Count: 906
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Colonization of Africa by European countries has had an engrossing impact on the continent. ... Firstly, it is important to provide a contextual background of the current state of European powers, and the several aspects that led the Colonial powers to "develop" Africa. ... However the moment the colonial state was established, colonial administrators wanted to develop the state with notions that were simple to comprehend, therefore the formation of tribes was based on either genetic makeup and thus gave each ethnicity certain kind of characteristics. ... Richard Ligon believed &apo...

• Word Count: 2491
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

An adopted child can become integrated into a new family by developing the connection and eventually producing moral obligations to the new family. ... In Africa, there are many different tribes that exist in various parts of this country. ... But it is shown that many of these African tribes will often develop problems and go into war against each other. ... This is why special connections cannot be developed through the large amounts of people in a specific racial group. ...

• Word Count: 1282
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Our country is no stranger to riots that cause major civil disturbances, which often result in thousands of dollars in damages and mass amounts of both injuries and casualties. Since the end of slavery after the Civil War, race riots found their place in our country's history, and though it has been decades since extreme situations of racial segregation or discrimination have plagued our society, that doesn't mean either one has completely vanished. For decades, the negative attitudes towards minorities outweighed the positive attitudes and the abundance of negative opinions has attr...

• Word Count: 1061
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The people of South Africa were now prepared to fight for their freedom, and the African National Congress (ANC), and Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) developed militant groups for this purpose. ... This is shown in an article written by a South African journalist, Lewis Nkosi, who left the country on an exit permit in 1961. ... In March and April 1960, governments of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, the two countries with the most intimate connections with the people of European origin in South Africa, expressed their sorrow at the events in South Africa and their hope that the situation ...

• Word Count: 1663
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The main factors contributing to the development of the Harlem Renaissance were African-American urban migration, trends toward experimentation throughout the country, and the rise of radical African-American intellectuals. ... The visual art of the Harlem Renaissance was an attempt at developing a new African-American aesthetic in the fine arts. ...

• Word Count: 783
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Afrikaner National Party played on this fear and developed the Apartheid system that was essentially "an economic system, designed to restrict blacks to the position of a permanently subordinate, low-paid working class." ... The Apartheid state argued that these Bantustans, which were supposedly representative of the original homelands, were created so that black Africans in South Africa would have a home country of their own. The Group Areas Act also created "Colouredstans" and "Indianstans," so that all the racial groups would have separate home countries. ... Outside their "hom...

• Word Count: 2509
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This amendment was the guidance that American leaders needed to change the policies under which schools, business and local state and federal government adopted a new era and developed new strategies in which "business" was conducted. ... This ruling still provided a good opportunity to attract a diverse student body, but many minorities were not making the acceptable SAT score to enroll in the finer schools in the country. ... A very strong statement was made in another country about affirmative action in that "wealth- creations purpose will not be saved best by forcing whites to...

• Word Count: 1980
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Africans were never slaves but despite that the people of our country still treated them as if they were, simply because they were black. ... According to Howard Jones in the book Race on Trial, "Black people had brought suit on behalf of their rights as human beings and, whether on the basis of law or morality, went freeIf they [blacks] found equality before the courts, the momentum would develop for their achieving the same status outside the courts. ... They still feel as if they have been wronged on behalf of their people, and they understand that no apology or memorial can ever...

• Word Count: 2862
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Despite the fact that Django speaks and reads well, white people within the film label Django as an ignorant slave who is unable to develop intellectual thoughts when speaking to southern whites. ... These black soldiers were not given an ample opportunity to develop military skills because several white soldiers viewed these men as unable to comprehend basic orders based on the fact that these men were of a different skin color. ... There is no way we will be able to combat the issue of racism in our country, if we continue to allow the use of objects such as the Confederate flag, which still...

• Word Count: 1597
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"The Negro Speaks of Rivers," and "Ballad of the Landlord," then, is just the start of a long chain of poems by Hughes which stand up to develop, and change the verifiable experience of African Americans into a workmanship both limpid and automatic. ... In Hughes poem, "The Negro Speaks of Rivers", he is unmistakably mindful of the foul play and persecution in his general public. " My spirit has developed profound like the streams. ... Fine Clothes to the Jew may remain in relationship to African American poetry in a manner similar to Walt Whitman's 1855 release of Leaves of Grass stands...

• Word Count: 1762
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Several theories have been recently developed to explain the origins and reasoning of racial inferiority and the manner in which the Latter-day Saint Church treated African Americans during the last one- hundred and seventy-one years. ...

• Word Count: 3075
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the first half of the 19th century, the United States was experiencing drastic economic and social changes. It was a time when a person's social class was largely determined by his or her racial identity, with the whites at the top of the hierarchy, playing dominant roles of the ambitious era, wh...

• Word Count: 1187
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Abstract Hip-Hop has long been demonized for its militant language and outlawed narrative as a part of American society. But, despite its controversy it has remained a source of encouragement to many as its influence spreads across the globe. Hip-hop's origins are undoubtedly African-American, this ...

• Word Count: 1971
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The phrase "affirmative action" was coined by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 when he issued Executive Order 10925, initiating the President's committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson issued Executive Order 11246. This order required federal contractors to ...

• Word Count: 2152
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

African American fraternal societies allowed for a large organizational network that spanned from localities and regions of the country and produced the mobilization of resources on behalf of the struggles for equal rights. ...

• Word Count: 3545
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The ideology of apartheid as proposed by Daniel Francois Malan and the implementation of these ideologies into societal regulations created a new wave of strong nationalist thinking. In conjecture with the attitudes on racial separation in America, South Africa was taking a radically opposite stance towards segregation with plans to further separate the races while in America the the seedlings of a civil rights movement began to take root. Fundamental to the understanding of these differing stances is the reasoning behind the driving forces of these doctrines and how they may or may not have ...

• Word Count: 3701
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate