Socialisms commitment to equality is widely seen as its defining feature. Unlike other ideologies, socialists tend to promote equality of outcome rather than merely equality of opportunity. ... This is what socialists believe, and it is this belief in equality in every aspect that sets socialism apart from other ideologies and supports the theory that socialism is defined by its commitment to equality. ... Social democracy also leans towards equality of opportunity, rather than equality of outcome; something that communists would wholeheartedly endorse. ... In communist tradition capitalism ...

• Word Count: 849
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ideological struggle between Capitalism and Communism was a definitive fact that stimulated rivalry: the USSR wanted to shape the future and reconstruction of the East in relation to the communist ideology; while the USA wanted post-WWII world scenario to be shaped by capitalist ideas. ... Secretary of State), define the Cold War as a battle between the superpowers for supremacy in ways of thinking. ... Historian André Fontaine, moreover, sees the starting point of the war in 1917 with the Bolshevik Revolution, and suggests that it was mainly due to the aggressive policies of the USSR i...

• Word Count: 990
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For these people as well as all the other European socialist and communist parties in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, The Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, eventually became one of the principal programmatic statements. ... The role of the "Manifesto" is shown as promoting the communist beliefs. ... The book goes on to link the proletarians with their ideology, communism. ... The core if the communists is defined by a single sentence, "the abolition of private property" (Mendal 26). ... Finally, the chapter ends with ten points, ten command...

• Word Count: 695
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) never clearly indicates that if it intends to loosen control for the potential reforms. ... Similarly, in the April 2 Incident in 1994, the protesting peasants were not really ideologically attacking the communist rule . ... Although as the minority of Chinese population, the intellectual group failed to win much concession from the current communist regime. ... Then CCP intentionally confounds the concepts of a culturally-defined nation and a politically-defined nation, to lead the people to believe that they actually have nationalistic sentime...

• Word Count: 1912
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Party structures of Communist party state are defined by Design Features: Chinese political system borrowed organizational design from Soviet Union by Lenin political legitimacy. ... The description of Communist party leadership is set forth in the constitution. ... Communist Party Leadership: the Communist Party exercises direct leadership over government and legislative functions in a variety of ways. ... First, membership in the Communist Party is coming from the elite status. ... Rule by Law: the principle of "rule of law" is the protection of individual rights by limitation on a...

• Word Count: 1215
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

– a war of ideology, of freedom vs. slavery or oppression. ... An example of this would be from the British cabinet meeting on 31st August 1950 when the goals of the United Nations are clearly defined in line with American foreign policy – the threat of Communism to an 'immature' nation and need to establish a western styled government being the key example. ... Furthermore, this public portrayal of the Korean conflict being a contest of morality and ideology conveyed the conflict to be a threat to global security. ... Arguably this played into the ideologically driven, ...

• Word Count: 1205
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It was said that a nuclear showdown with the former communist Soviet Union was inevitable. ... Another crisis is currently present, the nuclear showdown with another communist nation, North Korea. ... Marxism helps create and define a branch of philosophy called dialectical materialism. ... Literature does not reflect either the economic base or other ideology, but it works on existing ideologies and transforms them, giving these ideologies new shape and structure (Martin 77). ... Moreover, man wants more and more power, and thats why Marxists, or Communists regimes always become authorita...

• Word Count: 1215
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Background Marxism is a series of economical, social and political based ideologies that oppose capitalism. As defined by the communist slogan, "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.... "5 Marx acquired the need for religion, but regarded religion as a subtle part to his ideologies. ... Taken by the government, the communists were behind this, as my father would always say. ... In the interview with my grandmother, she viewed the social conditions of this time period to be ridiculous and ironically unfair opposing Marx's actual ideology. ...

• Word Count: 2041
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Defining politics today has different meaning from 20th century. Littrë in his 1987 dictionary defined politics as the science of government of states'. Robert in 1962 defined it as the art and practice of government of human societies'. ... Success and failure of political ideology and ideological, material limitation of consumerism in democracy will be main element of my argument. ... This significant historical fact shows limits of ideology. ...

• Word Count: 2405
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Also, numerous conservatives were worried about a Communist takeover, because, by 1930, the Communists polled more than six million votes. ... This type of ideology focused on issues such as the nature of mankind, a mass party system, a system of terror, military control by the government, and alliances with big businesses. ... Furthermore, Stalin's rule of his Communist Party also exemplified totalitarian values. To begin, Stalin used this type of ideology to gain dictatorial control of the Communist Party in 1929. ... This party was defined as militaristic, anti-Marxist, and very na...

• Word Count: 1030
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Lenin first defined the economic organisation of 1918-20 as "war" communism. ... One is that it was an attempt to put communist ideology into practice, a view that originated in the nineteen twenties. ... The party's ideology was based on the ideas of Karl Marx. ... This last stage was called communism by Marx and the Bolsheviks began to call themselves communists after the civil war. ... It seems that they were desperate to create what could call a communist state. ...

• Word Count: 2081
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This phenomenon occurs because fascism, for as long as it has been known, is rightly considered an ideology of negatives. ... This makes it difficult to define what exactly is "pure" fascism. ... In the 1920s and 30s, liberal policies and institutions had failed, and fascism has only prospered politically in times of either economic crisis, or fear of communist take-over (or both). ... In the 1960s, fascism became to be seen as an ideology of traditional conservative values pushed to the extreme right (Segre, 2002). ... The last defining feature of fascism was the scapegoating of groups su...

• Word Count: 1719
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They fought to repress Hitler's ideology, preserving their own ideas of democracy, capitalism, and equality for all. ... Both were extremely powerful, but the two of them had major ideological differences, which is a recipe for disaster. The USA was a capitalist democracy, and had the support of other capitalists democracies, mainly in Western Europe, and the USSR was a communist dictatorship, supported by other communist states in Eastern Europe and Asia. Once again, the world was forced to take sides, and although there was no real direct conflict between the two major players in this w...

• Word Count: 1089
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Many historians would argue that the Great Depression was solely responsible for the increasing support of the NSDAP and the defining factor for Hitler's success. ... Adolf Hitler and the NSDAP were essentially carried to complete power through their ideology and the promises they were offering to the German public, at a time when the people were desperate for someone who knew what they needed as a nation. ... Hitler, blaming it as a 'communist plot' saw for a Law for the Protection of the People and State to be necessary. Hindenburg passed this law, now banning any communist a...

• Word Count: 1292
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Democracy can be very hard to define, as there are many criteria that deem to be essential to some political thinkers, yet hardly relevant to others. ... It is clearly evident that by looking at three great political thinkers and their ideologies on democracy, all three are very different, having certain criteria and criticisms about democratic definition. Although there are different definitions about what it is to be democratic, there are still obvious criteria that democracy has, and an authoritarian government does not, which enables us to discuss the transitions from authoritarian gover...

• Word Count: 3450
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Terrorism in the Webster's New American Dictionary is defined as "the systematic use of intense fear as a means of intimidation." ... While the dictionaries definitions says that it is the use coercion to promote certain ideologies, some of the most cleverly hidden terrorism today is the terrorism used to suppress some ideologies or certain ethnic groups or societies. ... By defining terrorism thoroughly, we can begin to look at what terrorism is really about. ... Abdullah Ocalan, leader of the Kurdistan Workers" Party, said that "terrorism could be defined as committing of various violen...

• Word Count: 1506
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These political reforms eventually led to the liberalization in the Soviet Union thus limiting the far-reaching role of the communist party. ... For example, it would be incorrect to label the Chinese economy as entirely communist because it is clear that it is opening up to the West. Hence the modern approach defines economic systems in terms of organizational features, which basically refers to the system of communication within groups. ... It is essential that I define these four characteristics before analyzing their impacts on economic outcomes. ... A continuum can be created fo...

• Word Count: 4711
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, the formation of the "New Soviet" figure was not simple ideology. ... Although they represent heroic communist figures, Gleb and Dasha Chumalov, are not simply mouthpieces of the communist ideology; they are realistic and represent the truthful inner conflict a typical Soviet citizen was experiencing at the time. ... Furthermore, he has the motivation and the right ideology to inspire others. ... Alongside the image of a strong, communist worker is that of a typical husband desiring the comforting love of his wife. ... The result is that her hardened exterior and newfound de...

• Word Count: 3036
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Anti-Western Islamic Fundamentalism Fundamentalism can de defined as a movement or attitude stressing strict and truthful loyalty to a set of basic principles. ... Washington can be blamed for orchestrating Islamic Fundamentalism, most of whose varieties allied under Wahhabite guidance- subsequently became the main ideological tool of the anti-communist and antinationalist struggle in the Islamic world, in alliance with Riyadh. ... Not only did it contribute directly to propagating Islamic Fundamentalism, but also by helping to defeat and crush the Left and progressive nationalism th...

• Word Count: 1586
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In this paper I plan to compare and contrast the ideologies behind the political and economic practice of Vladimir Ilich Lenin and Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. ... Stalin altered the principle issue of worldwide Socialist revolution, a very important point regarding Lenin, to a more region defined idea of: "Socialism in One Country." ... In 1935 Stalin published A Short Course: The History of the All-Union Communist Party. ... The next section is an examination of these ideologies put into practice. ... War Communisms shelf life only lasted to the end of the civil war when Lenin went agai...

• Word Count: 1728
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Christiana Lodder confirms in Art of the Soviets this revolutionary step in including art as a major collation within the government when she explains "Lenin's Plan For Monumental Propaganda [is] immensely important because for the first time art was directly harnessed to the service of the state and its ideology" (16). As a result of Lenin's Plan, historians can note a revolutionary idea, prophesized through Marxism ideology, conceded and carried out. ... His plan embraced the arts and drew up concrete foundational concepts to propagandize new communist ideology and implement it...

• Word Count: 4641
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Few people were willing to challenge or defy societal norms, weary of being branded "un-American", and therefore, a communist. ... "McCarthyism", as it was called, forced many government officials and Hollywood celebrities to go before McCarthy and the rest of the committee, in order to deny their involvement with the Communist Party. ... Though McCarthy himself was revealed to be a fraud and bully, revelations aided by the blooming technology of television, McCarthyism, or the communist witch hunt, did not end with him. The nation was forever fearful of communists in positions of governmen...

• Word Count: 3509
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In England in 1929 the term was used to describe both Fascist (Italy and later Germany) and Communist (Soviet Union) states. Indeed, these countries were ruled by a single mass party controlling the economy, the media and the arms of a state controlled through terror and a fixed ideology ; which, according to Carl Friedrich (a political thinker), define the features of a totalitarian state. ... The guideline of this ideology was the supremacy of the Aryan race. ... However, the Nazi's ideology toward the women was different from the men. ... They were known as very violent and were ruled ...

• Word Count: 2961
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The struggle to lead China has caused the country to undergo mass socio-economic changes on more than one occasion, from the fall of imperialism in 1911 to the rise of the Nationalists and Communists. ... Evidently, these ideologies remained enduring features of Mao's thought well into the Cultural Revolution. ... As a Marxist, Mao believed in Karl Marx's theories published in The Communist Manifesto (1848), and from the beginning of Mao's dictatorship in 1921, Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials applied Mao's theories that people's lives should be controlled by t...

• Word Count: 2036
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Their anti-communist views were welcomed by politicians who encouraged them to participate in coalitions, so that votes could be attained. ... Thirdly there is a differentiation between socio-ideological movements and pragmatic politics. ... Parties that move towards the mainstream to attract support will alienate the ideological core that animates them. ... This view was not shared by the communists, in the coalition, who were ferociously protective of France's nuclear industry. ... The principle of decentralisation is key to this argument, and here lies one of the defining characterist...

• Word Count: 3050
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate