It is used in some cases to understand the cause of death of an individual and scientists use animal testing to gain understanding to the cause and treatment of many common ailments. ... Safety testing grew out of other forms of testing. ... As a result of Clioquinol being administered to the public, some 30,000 cases of blindness and/or paralysis and thousands of deaths occurred. ... The most common type of alternative methods are: in-vitro tests, computer software, databases of tests already done (to avoid duplication), and even human "clinical trial" tests. ... Testing of animals is cruel ...

• Word Count: 1294
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Animal testing is an unnecessarily cruel and inaccurate process that should not be used to test cosmetic products and new drugs today. ... The LD-50 test, which stands for Lethal Dose-50%, means that out of all the animals tested on, 50% of them died. ... Another regularly used test is the Draize test of which there are two common types: skin and eye irritants. Guinea pigs are the most commonly tested on animal for the Draize test. ... Some people are so in opposition of animal research that they create a will stating that after their death, they want their bodies donated to science. ...

• Word Count: 1740
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If these symptoms were present before the death, the bereaved report an increase in occurrences after the death. ... Prolactin is a hormone that is produced by the pituitary gland and levels can be tested through the blood. ... Research has found that context of how the person died is just as important as the death itself. Men are more sensitive to the conditions surrounding the death then women. ... Although the evidence is not overwhelming, it is perceived that men fair worst after a death. ...

• Word Count: 2465
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The damage that is caused by Meniere's disease is hair cells death and mechanical changes to the ear. ... However, there is no definitive test or single symptom that a doctor can use to make the diagnosis. ... Some doctors will perform a hearing test to establish the extent of hearing loss caused by Ménière's disease. ... All patients underwent a standardized history and physical examination, a complete auditory-vestibular test battery, and a set of physical therapy tools to measure balance function. ... Once the acute fluctuating symptoms of Meniere's were control...

• Word Count: 1725
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Another key factor that has played a recent role in capitol cases is DNA testing. This testing only became available in the early 1990's due to advancements in science and technology. If DNA testing had not been discovered there are several cases where innocent people would have most likely been executed. ... (Death). ... The odds are high that if DNA testing had been available in earlier cases some individuals from the 70's and 80's would have most likely been proven innocent. ...

• Word Count: 2030
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

James Liebman released the first phase of their study on the death penalty in the United States. ... In the early 1970's, the chief argument in favor of the death penalty was its assumed deterrence of crime. ... Unfortunately, retribution is a non-empirical justification and thus makes it impossible to test with empirical data, making the calculation of how much punishment a criminal "deserves" more of a moral issue than of a legal one (Radelet and Borg 2000). ... The article alone does not provide enough evidence that the death penalty system is flawed. ... The slight downward trend ...

• Word Count: 1333
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Parents want healthy babies, doctors encourage them to get tested, and some genetic tests are being marketed too early. Genetic testing has enormous benefits but it is overused and misused" (Eatimathas). ... This may induce a laissez-faire approach to prenatal genome testing and the unnecessary death of a child based on mistaken interpretations of their genes (Beware the Destiny Test). ... Testing showed that Waldroup had a high-risk variation of the gene and this evidence was used in his trial and helped him to evade the death penalty (Bradley). ... S Food and Drug Administration and g...

• Word Count: 2071
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Drug testing on animals is inaccurate and does not benefit humans or animals at all. ... This is obvious proof that testing on animals is unreliable, but sadistic tests still go on every day. ... Fewer accidental deaths caused by drugs and treatments would occur if stubborn bureaucrats and wealthy vivisects would use the more accurate alternatives such as 1. ... This is obvious proof that testing on animals is unreliable, but sadistic tests still go on every day. ... Fewer accidental deaths caused by drugs and treatments would occur if stubborn bureaucrats and wealthy vivisects would use...

• Word Count: 1554
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Disturbing repots of miscarriages, stillbirths, birth defects and death among the babies conceived by the returning soldiers have also emerged. ... Stroke is a dominant cause of sickness and death. ... Moreover, animal tests have a dubious record in predicting useful drugs to combat the effects of a stroke. ... Furthermore, as Dr.Sharpe states: "the leading cause of deaths in patients suffering form sub arachnoid hemorrhage is cerebral vasospasm, a condition in which the blood vessels in the brain constrict. Human cerebra blood vessels, obtained within twenty-hours of death, have been used to ...

• Word Count: 2170
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The best way to prevent murder is to use the strongest form of punishment which is the death penalty (Arguments for and Against the Death Penalty). ... The outstanding issue is not whether the death penalty prevents every murder, but rather, whether some murders are deterred by the death penalty. ... Some opponents of the death penalty have argued that death penalty is cruel and denies the person the right to life. ... The death penalty is the maximum punishment, there would be nothing left to do to deter future crimes if the death penalty applied to prisoners who became old. ... Therefore, th...

• Word Count: 2386
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These are reasons why nuclear testing should be practiced but there are also reasons why this testing is harmful in many different ways. On the other hand, peace should not involve the testing and construction of nuclear weapons that cause mass destruction and death throughout the world. ... Every single year people and animals arrive at their death from the pollution we have caused. ... It eventually gets into the grass and corn and then into the bones of human beings and animals only to linger there until death" ("Contaminating the Environment"). ... Nuclear weapons testing are ultimat...

• Word Count: 1273
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Justice O'Connor concurred, but pointed out that Oklahoma's death penalty statute set no minimum age at which the death penalty could be imposed. ... In both cases, the Supreme Court upheld the death penalty sentence. ... The Stanford plurality rejected the third part of the test, namely, that the punishment is disproportionate to the severity of the crime and makes no measurable contribution to the deterrence of crime. ... There are currently 83 death row inmates (all male) sentenced as juveniles constituting about 2.25% of the total death row population. ... - They are on death...

• Word Count: 2175
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It is estimated that one and a half million E's are taken every weekend (mostly in teen dance clubs) and although Ecstasy is commonly considered to be a 'safe drug', very few reports of bad trips, and only about 50 Ecstasy related deaths last year (which is very slim in comparison to other drug related deaths), it is speculated that the number of deaths caused by the use of Ecstasy is on a rise and will be at an all time high by the end of the year. ... Regardless of what Ecstasy looks like, you cannot determine its contents without running a test on it. Ecstasy testing kits a...

• Word Count: 2149
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Evaluation of Damage Evaluating Traumatic Brain Injuries: Traumatic brain injuries are one of the highest preventable causes of death and disability. ... From total recovery or permanent disability to death, treatment plays a major factor in the decision. ... Testing A neuropsychologist conducts many different tests to show at what capacity one's brain can accomplish. The neuropsychologist tests the limits of the brain, and most neuropsychological tests involve answering or performing different tasks. Some of these tasks test for attention span and memory, others test for language and spe...

• Word Count: 2384
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, after 52 deaths and 2,600 complaints to the NHTSA, Toyota started to reconsider their attempts to explain the problem away. The death of an off duty California state trooper made national headlines when his Toyota Camry sped uncontrollably into an intersection, killing him and his three passengers. ... The Toyota Corporation has been facing several reports about sudden deaths and injuries that were caused from unintended/sticking acceleration. ... "An analysis of the data by The Times shows that all but one of the deaths reported to NHTSA by motorists in 2010 actually occurred in pri...

• Word Count: 2142
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

ANIMAL TESTING (what exactly is the problem?)... With each "new and approved" item comes the death of millions of innocent animals. ... According to specific test animal tests and human results only match 5%-25% of the time. ... If anything animal testing only contributes to human despair. ... When replacing animal testing the three "Rs" must be taken into consideration. ...

• Word Count: 1336
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Should the United States abolish the death penalty due to the enormous financial deficit that comes with keeping someone on death row? ... We have come along way with technological advancements with evidence, such as DNA testing. It's not too long ago where science has evolved where scientists have perfected DNA testing in reference to murder and homicide cases. It's unfortunate for those innocent people who have been executed before DNA testing was discovered. But as for now there have been several cases where DNA testing has ruled out those convicted and sentenced for a crime they...

• Word Count: 2043
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The NCAA has a reputation which is as bad if not worse than the NFL because of the small number of players they test and the quality of testing for those players. ... One reason for this is that costs for testing for steroids can range from $100 to $200, while tests for most street drugs may only cost $25. ... I believe that in order to solve the problem, the first thing the NCAA and universities need to do is increase the quality of the tests and pay the extra money for the 100-200 dollar testing. The NCAA also needs to increase the amount of testing and try to test at least the players that...

• Word Count: 1464
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Capital punishment is punishment by death for committing a crime. ... The court had banned the death penalty as it was then imposed. ... Once abolished, the death penalty is seldom reintroduced. ... Rakoff, a New York Judge, made this decision at a time where DNA testing and other technological advancements flourish in the court of law to help inmates challenge rulings and convictions. It was reported in the USA Today that because of DNA testing, 12 death-row inmates have been freed. ...

• Word Count: 1346
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Animal mistreatment in the pharmaceutical industry has gone too far, causing the deaths of many animals. ... Animals in research give inaccurate results and technology now a day has advanced that we can replicate human tissue to use for testing. ... Animal testing is more expensive than alternative methods and are a waste of research dollars. ... Many animals are constantly used to test the same experiment; therefore animal experimentation should be no more. ... Alternatives for animal testing is to use human tissue for experimenting. ...

• Word Count: 1270
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Kevorkian's obsession with death began early in his life. ... There his obsession with death grew drastically as he conducted independent death-related research by setting up an electrocardiogram and a small camera next to patients to record the change in retinas of their eyes to pinpoint the exact time of death (McLellan). ... Because of his research on death, the nurses, who thought Kevorkian was "creepy," referred to his research as "the doctor of death's death rounds," dubbing him Dr. Death. ... On June 4, 1990, Janet Adkins became the first patient to test Kevorkian'...

• Word Count: 2102
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

GMO's even have long term effects that haven't been adequately tested, and the effects could be catastrophic if they are not handled with caution. ... Genetically modified foods have long term effects that have not been adequately tested, and in order to assure the consumer that what they're purchasing is safe, extensive testing is mandatory, otherwise, there could possibly be catastrophic effects in the future no one suspected to occur. ... Kantor does "not recommend using any GMO foods until more testing is done." ... Smith reviews the few tests that have been done on ra...

• Word Count: 1708
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Now, we know many facts including the causes, signs, treatment, prevention, testing and more. ... Physicians conclude Tipranavir has proven to be effective in individual HIV/AIDS patients during the drug trial testing. ... Getting tested for HIV/AIDS only requires a very small amount of blood to be drawn and examined for the presence of the antibodies to HIV/AIDS. ... The majority of such testing is generally performed on a blind basis from a drop of blood drawn by the nurses from the baby's tiny heel. ... Approximately only fifteen to twenty-five percent of infants who test positiv...

• Word Count: 2099
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

That is what the results of his data and testing suggested, but this was not the case. ... Many researchers tried to announce to the public that tobacco was unhealthy and can cause disease and death. ... It May Cause Death from Cancer and Other Diseases ") to something a little more indirect and hidden ("Caution: Cigarette smoking may be hazardous to your health "). ... Although there were numerous studies and tests that showed that tobacco caused lung cancer, those companies never admitted it. ... Some people have nothing to lose and are willing to be used as guinea pigs, so they can be the t...

• Word Count: 2385
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The issue has received additional scrutiny recently due to modern day scientific advances, specifically the advance in the availability of and the precision of DNA testing. ... They also show that public opinion changes when a sentencing alternative is suggested, "When given an explicit alternative to the death penalty- life imprisonment with no chance for parole- the percentage of Americans favoring the death penalty drops to near 50 percent." ... Ryan declared a moratorium on the executions of all Illinois death row inmates. ... The state of Illinois, facing exonerating evidence, has set ...

• Word Count: 2477
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate