The dependant variable for their study was the peoples attitudes toward the death penalty. They labeled those who favored the death penalty for a criminal convicted of a murder with a "1". Those who opposed the death penalty or who did not know were labeled or coded with a "0". ... Although support for the death penalty has changed between 1974 and 1998, for the most part 70% of the GSS interviewed during this time reported that they favor the death penalty for criminals who commit murder. ... Not just about peoples views on the death penalty, but how the scientists go about creating a hyp...

• Word Count: 823
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

James Liebman released the first phase of their study on the death penalty in the United States. ... In the early 1970's, the chief argument in favor of the death penalty was its assumed deterrence of crime. ... Unfortunately, retribution is a non-empirical justification and thus makes it impossible to test with empirical data, making the calculation of how much punishment a criminal "deserves" more of a moral issue than of a legal one (Radelet and Borg 2000). ... The article alone does not provide enough evidence that the death penalty system is flawed. ... The slight downward trend ...

• Word Count: 1333
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Justice O'Connor concurred, but pointed out that Oklahoma's death penalty statute set no minimum age at which the death penalty could be imposed. ... In both cases, the Supreme Court upheld the death penalty sentence. ... The Stanford plurality rejected the third part of the test, namely, that the punishment is disproportionate to the severity of the crime and makes no measurable contribution to the deterrence of crime. ... There are currently 83 death row inmates (all male) sentenced as juveniles constituting about 2.25% of the total death row population. ... - They are on death...

• Word Count: 2175
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In January 2000, thirteen innocent people were discovered on death row. ... Death is permanent, forever, and irreversible. Forensic evidence is now much more scientific with the use of DNA testing. ... Unfortunately, many states do not offer DNA testing, and little evidence is available. ... Although many scientific methods have been advanced, such as DNA testing and forensic studies, witnesses are still regarded highly although their memories may have been traumatically distorted, or they may just be plainly lying. ...

• Word Count: 977
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Should the United States abolish the death penalty due to the enormous financial deficit that comes with keeping someone on death row? ... We have come along way with technological advancements with evidence, such as DNA testing. It's not too long ago where science has evolved where scientists have perfected DNA testing in reference to murder and homicide cases. It's unfortunate for those innocent people who have been executed before DNA testing was discovered. But as for now there have been several cases where DNA testing has ruled out those convicted and sentenced for a crime they...

• Word Count: 2043
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Capital punishment is punishment by death for committing a crime. ... The court had banned the death penalty as it was then imposed. ... Once abolished, the death penalty is seldom reintroduced. ... Rakoff, a New York Judge, made this decision at a time where DNA testing and other technological advancements flourish in the court of law to help inmates challenge rulings and convictions. It was reported in the USA Today that because of DNA testing, 12 death-row inmates have been freed. ...

• Word Count: 1346
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The death penalty is a serious matter in today society. ... The first known death penalty was in The Code of Hammurabi. ... Opponents of the death penalty discourse that the practice has been abused. ... The death penalty has many opposing factors that make it seem unspeakable. ... "DNA testing and other conclusive forms of evidence" are used ensure that the person who committed the crime is caught ("Christian Doctrine"). ...

• Word Count: 889
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This has been a big development in prisons especially for inmates on death row. ... Prisoners were constantly lied to and fed all these theories on how these test could make their life better or help them in the long run, that they were to blind to see that the ones who claimed to help were just utilizing them for the time being. Although prisoners who are on death row had hurt many people or maybe even some cases families, there is no reason for them to use as Guinea pigs. ... Prisoners are not guinea pigs nor are they test objects to be used to find research on specific theories. ... For pri...

• Word Count: 1464
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A wrongful execution is an awful injustice that is magnified when an individual who is truly innocent spends years on death row. ... This surge in awareness and potential research has inspired an increasing number of innocence plans, which work together in order to vindicate wrongly convicted prisoners and those on death row, and to also suggest fairness policy reforms intended to decrease the number of wrongful executions or to lessen their effects. ... Conclusion The investigation of wrongful executions, which test the accuracy and fairness of the criminal justice system, has become a featu...

• Word Count: 815
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Finally, many theorists believed that the theory was too vague and unable to be tested. ... Although Hirschi's theory could be tested other theorist argued that Hirschi did not completely explain how the different bonds were interdependent. Hirschi also failed to test the interrelations empirically. ... When Bell became an older child, she strangled to death two little boys in Scotswood. ...

• Word Count: 1397
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Moreover, minorities were detained for longer periods of time per stop than whites, and were 80% of those whose cars were searched after being stopped.7 Showing the similar statistic to the previous two, a study of traffic stops on the New Jersey Turnpike found that 46% of those stopped were black, although only 13.5% of the cars on the road had a black driver or passenger and although there was no significant difference in the driving patterns of white and nonwhite motorists.8 To further acknowledge the racially discriminated profiling, ABC news program "20/20 " did a test as part of a report...

• Word Count: 2471
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Kemp, the defendant introduced a comprehensive, multiple regression analysis of the death penalty, done by Professor David Baldus. The study controlled for 230 independent variables, and indicated that race is by far the most important factor in whether a defendant receives the death penalty. It also found that Black killers of white victims are far more likely than white killers of Black victims to receive the death penalty.10 Although the Court upheld the death penalty, it only did so because of precedent which states that discrimination must be proved through demonstration of intent, and no...

• Word Count: 3584
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

-Gang Shooting from Vehicle causing GBI/Death. ... New Death Penalty Special Circumstance Proposition 21 has enacted the following as part of California's death penalty statute: Murder Committed For Criminal Street Gang Purposes. ... During this time minors are subject to various terms and conditions, including drug testing, search and seizure, community service work, and curfews. ...

• Word Count: 2063
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He believed that the justice system should be technocratic and all criminals can be treated, if not then they should be put to death. ... After extensive statistical tests were performed on the data that had been collecte4d over the twelve-year period during the study, Hooten thought he discovered that the cause of criminal behavior or deviant behavior was due to the physical inferiority of the criminal compared to the non-criminal. ...

• Word Count: 1589
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Penology Critically evaluate the prison as the central form of punishment in Britain at the start of the 21st Century. Prisons are mere places of confinement. It is used as a sanction for offences of which offenders stand convicted. Since the abolition of the death penalty in 1965 imprison...

• Word Count: 2252
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

African Americans make up 12% of the U.S. population, but they comprise about half of all prison inmates and 40% of those sentenced to death. ... The officers responsible for Diallo's death were part of New York Police Department's "elite" Street Crime Unit. ...

• Word Count: 3114
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For the second part of the test, they were taken into another room where the same toys that were in the violent video were placed on a table, and this led to 88% of children showing signs of aggressive behaviour (Bandura, 1977). ...

• Word Count: 3847
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate