The government attempts to manage the economy's ups and downs through two types of economics policy "fiscal policy and monetary policy. ... Monetary policy is managing the economy by controlling the money supply and interest rates. ... Fed tries to stabilize economy by controlling the quantity of money that is made available in the economy, so-called money supply. ... Unlike monetary policy that changes the money supply and influences the spending decisions, government alters its own purchases of goods and services in the fiscal policy; thus, fiscal policy shifts the aggregate-dema...

• Word Count: 315
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Media policy is the first topic and it emphasises on how media regulated and controlled by using the 5 stages of policy processes and also discussing the laws that guide the practice of media in the Republic of South Africa. ... The final topic is media representation and how it illustrates aspects of reality and how media works specifically on news as representation discussing news values. 2 MEDIA POLICY AND REGULATIONS 2. 1 The nature of media and communication policy Communication policy requires steps and processes for the regulation and control of media. ... [CITATION Med08 l 7177 ] 2...

• Word Count: 1897
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

First, the needs for control in gain-control tradeoff ultimately serve for gains of domestic sectors. ... Second, the interests of certain firms and associations are reflected by their policy preferences. Societal groups thus play important role in FTA negotiation as the bridge between appeal from domestic industries and foreign economic policy. ... In fact, as Yoshimatsu argues, societal groups perform as pressure groups, information provider and interest coordinator in the policy making process. ... Nonetheless, Trade policy whether multilateral or bilateral has its complexity, further study...

• Word Count: 681
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Microeconomic reform policies are necessary to address specific structural problems in markets such as a lack of competition or efficiency which cannot be addressed through macroeconomic policies and so require the application of selective policy measures (such as reform of the labour market) to raise productivity. ... For this reason both microeconomic and macroeconomic policies have been the focus of government policy since the 1980s. ... Changes in the factor and product market included: National competition policy Policies of privatisation, deregulation and corporatisation Increased prod...

• Word Count: 1779
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The real debate now is over which policy should be employed, where it will be implemented and how. ... Standards, or regulations, are probably the most traditional and least flexible of the major policy tools. ... In fact, high emissions often result from very high control costs. ... An offset policy allows new sources to acquire ERC's as a temporary means of avoiding investments in expensive capital equipment. ... A bubble policy creates an internal trading system by grouping multiple emission points of an organization together. ...

• Word Count: 1840
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the book "Labor Control and the Postwar Growth Model in Latin America," Ian Roxborough argues that the economic model known as import substitution industrialization (ISI) was employed amongst the Latin American countries after World War II as a compromise to meet the ever growing social and political demands within those countries. During this time period, there existed two main opposing forces, 1) the reactionary agrarian and mining elites that had majority of the political control for decades and 2) the mobilizing labor forces that demanded political reform. ... Furthermore, this same pat...

• Word Count: 571
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It can be handled through proper planning, policies and mechanisms. ... The unemployment could solely be controlled through proper guidance and strengthening of education policies. ... Accountability and transparency could also be controlled the unfair regulation of competitions. ... It could solely be controlled through overwhelming on energy crisis. ... It can be controlled by industrialization and overwhelming on energy and security crisis. ...

• Word Count: 1536
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The main aim of a manager is to control the work in organization and at the same time motivating the employees for doing better job. ... The farmers are also benefitted through this policy as shades are provided for the crops and to further protect the biodiversity and forest ecosystem. ... Health and Safety The policy also help the employees to gain knowledge of various machines in order to avoid accidents in the organisation. ... In an open economy, government policy that affects national income and interest rates also affects supplies of and demands for foreign currencies. ...

• Word Count: 6987
• Approx Pages: 28
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In addition to the effects of import substitution policies, the post-World War II Argentine economy further struggled because of military rule and internal conflict. From the late 1940s to 1980s bad economic policies and political turmoil resulted in a stagnating economy. ... By adopting this policy, the hope was a control on the country's hyperinflation and a restored confidence in both Argentine citizens and international investors. ... What began as a recession, would, through other external shocks and bad macroeconomic policy, eventually turn into the devastating economic crisis of...

• Word Count: 728
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the early 1950's, nearly all the domestic enterprises in China were state-owned and the government use to set prices for key commodities, control the level and general distribution of investment funds, determine output targets for major enterprises, allocate energy resources, set wage levels and employment targets, and steer the financial policy and banking system. ... There are three major economic policies which determine China 's economic model – import control, export subsidies and foreign direct investment (FDI) attraction. Government, under the control of the Chinese C...

• Word Count: 878
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Thus, the center actually has strong control over local government and the overall policy making process. ... The formal rank of the implementing bureau will highly affect the effectiveness of the policy. ... Since there are so many bureaus with the same veto power, it's common to find policies that are made and remade, like trade policy and the Three Gorges Dam Project. ... That's why some policies are more favorable than others. ... These changes also make the economy policy process work differently...

• Word Count: 649
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It can be either a source of political and bureaucratic corruption, but if wisely used, it can be a useful or powerful policy instrument in supporting business operation and government policies. ... What it did were nationalizing commercial banks and amending the Bank of Korea so that it can control financial systems directly. In general, the Bank of Korea, in its role as the country's central bank, determines the allocation of loans, interest rate level and the supply of money but the decision making in these area is controlled by the Minister of Finance. ... Controlling exchange rate is...

• Word Count: 2573
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Less Developed Nation: A country with a large rate of population growth, coupled with low national income, along with substantial unemployment and dependence on other countries for commodities Mixed Economy: An economy with characteristics of multiple types of other economies, where both public and private enterprises own pieces of each aspect Nationalization: To bring to a national level; to unify a country or to bring under the control of a nation, specifically industries or land Neoliberalism: "New liberalism ", a combination of liberal political views with an interest in economic growth...

• Word Count: 509
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Government regulations can interfere with pure competition in order to promote other national policy objectives such as price and income stability, regional development or environmental preservation. The government regulates and controls private enterprise in many ways in order to ensure that business serves the best interests of the people as a whole. ... Public policy permits such companies to make reasonable profits, but limits their ability to raise prices "unfairly" because the public depends on their services. Often control is exercised to protect the public, for example, when the F...

• Word Count: 407
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Lastly by not privatizing large enterprises gave the state control of the assets to avoid any extreme cases of tunneling and asset stripping. These acts suggest that state ownerships and control played an important role in maintaining industrial production cushioned economic growth. ... The Government then took action and announced the unification of the exchange rate and adopted a market-based monetary policy. ... By liberalizing to slowly set Belarus into a trap that severely disabled them from leaving a state-controlled economy. ... This country still needs more structural reform and an a...

• Word Count: 897
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Wealth of Nations is an influential statement of the case for laissez-faire, the theory that government should not attempt to control or direct economic activity. ... In Book IV Smith criticizes the mercantile system of public policy. ... Therefore governments have adopted policies favoring exports and holding back imports, encouraging local production. This policy Smith calls the "mercantile" policy because merchants supported it. ...

• Word Count: 556
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It was a moderately restrictive monetary policy, and an income policy with a commitment to begin structural reform. ... Because the policies of supply and demand, certain measures have been taken. ... Since then, and in all regard to need, monetary and fiscal policy has been provided. To go with these policies of restrictive demand and more flexible supply, the government has tried to stimulate an income policy on several occasions. ... As Spain has been forced to live within its means and state spending has been slashed to control the rising budget deficit. ...

• Word Count: 2349
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This policy focused on the principle that one nation gain is a loss to another. ... However, even if this view is attractive, it has weakness in the control of intervention. ... External economies view is similar to the argument of strategic trade policy. ... Since that pollution cannot be limited and controlled through borders, the harm of the pollution will include the pollutant country and countries. ... On other hand, other intervention policies are not perfect. ...

• Word Count: 1260
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The main reason why this crisis was instigated was because countries such as Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines had embraced an unusual policy combination of liberalisation of controls on flows of financial capital on the one hand, and quasi -fixed heavily managed exchange rate systems on the other. ... Otherwise these policies destabilising capital flows would inevitably undermine the exchange rate. ... Another argument put forward against regulation is that controls demand determined and forceful government administration and constant attention. ... Government's interest lies in the...

• Word Count: 2133
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This fundamental emancipation from control both economically and to a certain extent socially had far reaching consequences on Chinese society. ... From the disparity between the restrictions of their political life and the recent economic and social freedoms stemmed the desire for political freedoms, leading ultimately to a desire for a release from not just economic control but political control as well. ... The first few years of reform bred an incredible success that spun out of control in the years following. Deng's inconsistent economic planning led to inflation while poorly pl...

• Word Count: 888
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, the policies do not seem to take them much into account. ... The idea of global capitalist class can render much of the understanding in the reason behind the issuing policies. ... The capitalist class does not need to rule directly in the sense that a government or dictatorship rules, but no government or dictatorship that works actively against the interests of those who own and control the means of production can survive for long. ... Many domestic policies concerning women's resources reflect this viewpoint clearly. ... However, policies employed to achieve the desirable ...

• Word Count: 1735
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In order to counter the trend, the government and Federal Reserve could use fiscal and monetary policies to intervene the economy. ... To fix the inflationary window and prevent inflation, we can take a soft landing policy. ... When economy approaches the inflationary window, the government should tax more and Federal Reserve should take a tight money policy to control the money supply in the circulation. ... The capital account can complicate the monetary policy designed by the federal to reduce money supply in the market. ... Also the Federal Reserve could take an easy money policy to stim...

• Word Count: 1364
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the article, "The Economists and the Problem of Monopoly", George Stigler clearly adds insight as to why monopolies are a problem in public policy. ... Gradually, antitrust law enforcement shifted to control of cartels and other conspiracies to restrict trade. ... He says that the number of economists employed in antitrust legislation, control and consulting is quite large. ... I think that one problem, out of many, in deciding the effects of monopolies and the value of antitrust policies is the definition of a market. ... Monopolies and the laws that aim to control them have taken on ...

• Word Count: 956
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although each shared their fair amount of failures during their presidency each had social, political, and economic policies that were successful. ... The nationalists demanded a policy for countrywide industrialization in order to produce more goods in the hope that it would lessen the economy's reliance on exports. ... The strategy that Perón used to gain power took little under two years to gain control. ... By creating centralized economic policies Perón affected the interests of the Estancieros and their dependence on foreign export of products.  ... The army and governors of st...

• Word Count: 1331
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The policy, however, failed to consider the response of business owners towards such an act. Henry Ford, for example, was one of the employers who refused to sign the codes as he wanted to maintain control over his workers and did not want them to organise trade unions that conspired against him. ... At the same time, one of the policies implemented through the New Deal was unsuccessful in providing relief. This policy was the Civil Works Administration (CWA), which was implemented in November 1933. ... However, the policy received a lot of backlash due to the fact that many of the jobs held l...

• Word Count: 1080
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate