The Office of national Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) summarizes the drug to crime relationship in three ways: [d]rug defined offenses, [which are] violations of laws prohibiting or regulating the possession, use, distribution or manufacture of illegal drugs, [d]rug related offenses, to which a drug's pharmacologic effects contribute; offenses motivated by the user's need for money to support continued use; and offenses connected to drug distribution itself [and the] [d]rug using lifestyle, a lifestyle in which the likelihood and frequency of involvement in illegal activity are increas...

• Word Count: 2815
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The social control theories attempts to interpret the cause of crime as one of the three major sociological viewpoints in criminology. Social control theorist posits that submission to the laws of society is produced by socialization and the maintenance of an individual's interaction with institutions. ... Another social control theorist that attempted to observe the societal issues and the effects of crime was Travis Hirschi. ... Social control theories do not provide any particular guides about crime control policy. ... The thought that criminal behavior could be prevented by the rehabi...

• Word Count: 1397
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Introduction The aim of this policy report is to provide well-researched policy recommendations on the issue of theft of and from motor vehicles, which will be constructed using the SARA model and will be based on research and academic studies. ... Through the combination of access control, natural surveillance, lighting, community patrol and awareness campaigns individuals can be educated on how to ensure that they're vehicles remain safe (New South Wales Department of Justice, 2012, p2). ...

• Word Count: 2187
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Each state is responsible for controlling crime. ... In 1994, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act was passed. ... This grant program was instrumental in many states adopting the truth in sentencing guidelines into their policies. ... Each states truth in sentencing policies regulated offender's time in prison, each state chose different ways to do so. ... Judges who issue sentences are aware of the release policies of prisons. ...

• Word Count: 1330
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

All aspects of this area become negative, while the financially sound areas flourish and take control of the entire society (33). Those who live in poverty are left with no control, and instinctively become resentful. ... Shifting toward prevention methods will not only allow the criminal justice system to react to crime that has already occurred, which has previously been the policy, but also understand the root of crimes being committed. ... Therefore, school policies should be of great importance in the prevention of criminal behavior since the majority of young people's time is spe...

• Word Count: 1667
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

With rational choice theory, the scared straight program is a policy implication of it. ... A study by Petrosino and colleagues' even went one step further and randomly assigned a group of at-risk youth to take part in Scared Straight programs and then had a control group that did not, the ending results were very surprising. ... Mark Lipsey, of the Vanderbilt Institute for public policy studies, concurred with past researchers that youth who participate in these programs have higher recidivism rates than youth in control groups (Wilson 2012). ... The last critique I saw about the progra...

• Word Count: 1578
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This means not only regulating drug consumption, but also incorporating a health-based, development policy approach. There needs to be consensus between nations on transnational crime policy, drug policy. A new approach would be decriminalization of some drugs, and regulation to control the cultivation, production, and consumption of drugs. ...

• Word Count: 1757
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A massive re-structuring took place afterwards with strict rules and policy to make sure that the problem would never happen again. ... Despite police departments' attempts to control corruption, it still occurs. ... Therefore control must come from not only the police department, but also must require support of the community members. ... If we do not act to try and control it, the costs can be enormous, because it affects the individual, his department, and the community as a whole (Sherman 150). ... Although improvements have been made to control corruption, numerous opportuni...

• Word Count: 1299
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The media has a tendency to portray youth crimes as getting out of control which they often refer to as moral panics. ... News reports fit into a textually constructed reality, where public perception and official policy are part of a loop. The more stories citizens read about crime especially of events they cannot control, the more likely they are to think crime is out of control, which will produce more stories and generate interest in legal reform, a condition promoting the production of crime news in the first place. ... If crime is perceived to be out of control, then there is pressu...

• Word Count: 1719
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Are juveniles as under control today as they were in the past? ... The government follows the policy and has always followed the policy that no crime goes unpunished. ... Not only does the opposition believe that the minor was influenced, but they also believe that the juvenile was not able to control his or herself (Emerson 8). ...

• Word Count: 1520
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These gangs fit into both national (well established, tend to commit more severe crimes) and local (neighborhood or community based gangs tend to control their territories through violence and intimidation) categories. ... Such disorder affects not only the direct community, it also suggests to any outsiders looking in that the community has no control over itself and has in fact lost its informal social control. ...

• Word Count: 1494
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Research reports are divided on the causes of school violence. Some refer to family situations. They say that when students are likely to live in poverty, witness drug abuse at home, have parents arrested and/or sent to prison, then it is not surprising how many students behave well, rather th...

• Word Count: 2600
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Disparity is often things that cannot be controlled such are differences in race, gender, social class, and other topics (i.e. natural inequalities). ... Perceptive discrimination, which occurs when someone believes that one, has a certain characteristic regardless of them having it or not, for example indirect discrimination occurs when a policy for everyone puts down certain individuals with a certain characteristics such as wearing a shirt without a tie. ...

• Word Count: 812
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In Canadian Police Work" that policing is "activities of any individual or organization acting legally on behalf of the public or private organizations or persons to maintain security or social order while empower by either public or private contract, regulations or policies, written or verbal" (Griffiths, 2013, p. 31). ... The police work has three important components; one is to control crime, next is to order maintenance and lastly to provide a service to general public. ...

• Word Count: 726
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

- Fear of society's reaction may control a person's criminal solution... - The more severe, certain and swift the reaction, the better it can control criminal behavior... The difference between personal and social control theories of deviance lies in the assumption of social control theory that social bonds are a stronger protection against deviance. ... It is also possible the weakened personal and social controls may be interconnected. ... It is now for the social policy maker to take up the issue and make scientific studies to understand the problem and propose measures to ta...

• Word Count: 2056
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In any policy discussion, formulation of a plausible and effective solution clearly must be based upon the nature of the problem. ... The study controlled for 230 independent variables, and indicated that race is by far the most important factor in whether a defendant receives the death penalty. ...

• Word Count: 3584
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Degeneration theorists and criminal anthropologists converged to convince the general public and policymakers of the need for eugenic policies to prevent the socially undesirable people from reproducing, which became the Feeblemindedness Theory. ... Like the "born criminal" the insane criminal could not control his criminal behavior, but didn't have the telltale stigmata to easily identify them. ... Lombroso did not use a control group to compare his results to, which became the biggest flaw in his research and theory, "the Lombrosion Fallacy". ... Hooten studied all, adult-male groups ...

• Word Count: 1589
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

On the other hand the view point of balancing prison and jail overcrowding, public policy, the right to fair and equal treatment, and assessing those who can be rehabilitated have the opportunity to additional resources. ... In essence, by researching about problem-solving courts in whether they are effective and any policy implications, we might be able reduce the overcrowding issue in jail and prisons and more importantly provide those who otherwise be incarcerated be able to get the treatment they desperately need. ... Problem solving courts rely on the application of rudimentary principl...

• Word Count: 4011
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Should we look for life sentences for repeat offenders as a reflection of politicized crime policy. ... They consist of a new long-term offender designation that targets sex offenders, and adds a period of supervision of up to ten years, following release from prison; strengthening the Dangerous Offender provisions in the Criminal Code; and a new judicial restraint provision to permit controls, including electronic monitoring, to be applied to individuals who are at high risk of committing a serious personal injury offense. ... They are also calling for stricter laws on gun control. ...

• Word Count: 2028
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Politically, it may be to change government policies or to get at the opposition that during their time in government there has been a breakdown in society; and socially it may be to create awareness. ... The process in which the law, agencies of social control, and media come to associate crime with particular groups who are subsequently identified, sought out and targeted as a threat. .An example is the stereotypes regarding Black males, and much of that information is gleaned largely from popular media. ... Haney and Manzolati (1980) concluded that television portrayals of violations of con...

• Word Count: 1547
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The discovery of embezzlement requires the institution to file a criminal report and a criminal referral form, which removes the control of an investigation from the institution. ... While the actual financial loss from an embezzlement may be significant, it will be relatively insignificant compared to the losses caused by these other factors that will become evident after an embezzlement has been discovered: lowered employee morals due to increased security measures, and aggravated by distrust of other employees; employees" disorientation and their accompanying mistakes, resulting in poor cu...

• Word Count: 1889
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The subjective judgment that the couple and the officers relied on spiraled out of control and hampered any communication. ... This shows that the training, policy, command and communications at the police headquarters were not strong to deter subjective judgment among officers (AP, 2015). ...

• Word Count: 1267
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Its new goal was to rehabilitate, which was to determine the cause of the problem and develop policies and practices to correct it. ... Rather, I was and still am in favor of classical school of thought and the crime control model because I believed that crime was a result of a rational choice that criminals made, and thus it was only fair that they'd be incarcerated for their wrongdoings. ...

• Word Count: 1029
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Crime is out of control, despite the deluded happy talk by some politicians about how safe and cities have become". ... The Texas department of criminal justice established a safe prison program to protect inmates and staff and has zero tolerance policy towards all forms of sexual abuse and harassment. ...

• Word Count: 1155
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Similar to other drugs, most notably alcohol, marijuana is a controlled substance with some negative side effects that we still do not fully understand. ... This study on the ecological impacts of marijuana dispensaries based on the model of Englewood will benefit future policy-makers, designers and planners alike in providing a substantial marijuana crime/safety reference which has never before been available....

• Word Count: 1495
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate