Introduction This research paper will be focusing on the controversial issue of mandatory minimum sentences in Canada. ... The last category of MMS in Canada deals with hybrid offenses. The majority of these mandatory minimum sentences were implemented in the Canadian legislation in 1995. ... Crutcher and Gabor (2012) argue that deterrence is the hope that any "short term increases in the prison population produced by MMS will be off-set by long-term reductions arising from declining crime rates". ... This accounts for the rise in cost for court security, longer hearings, jurors, in...

• Word Count: 2147
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the federal and provincial legislatures were implemented to assure the protection and freedom of the Canada's citizens. ... The never-ending debate for the legalization of assisted suicide is quite interesting in the sense that its morality is questionable according to certain groups of individuals of the population. Canada has, in my opinion, a relatively good justice system but it isn't perfect. ... I cannot believe that the Canadian population has any sort of power to decide whether someone lives through years of pain knowing there is n...

• Word Count: 1255
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In addition to this fact, Lott gives evidence that high crime neighborhoods with minority populations show immediate reductions in crimes when citizens begin to carry concealed handguns. ... Our Canadian culture has led us to believe that fewer guns will lead to less crime. ... Some variables not considered are minority populations, social-economical status, cultural diversity, and ethical moral beliefs in those countries. ...

• Word Count: 1114
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Each city's local gang was able to supply the needs of such a large population of people confined to such a small area. ... Greenberg had been transporting scotch from Canada across the Detroit River when he decided he needed to "expand his operations and needed a loan of $175,000... ...

• Word Count: 1028
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

New Zealand, like Canada, faces difficult challenges in her criminal justice system. ... There are striking similarities between Canadian and New Zealand criminal systems. ... The Canadian Oxford Dictionary defines a crime as, "an offence punishable by law illegal acts as a whole...

• Word Count: 4107
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Bottoms (1995) called this era the 'populist punitiveness', where there was a shift in a number of legislative and policy reforms and emphasis was placed on punitive sentencing as opposed to a more holistic approach focusing on treatment and rehabilitation (Bottoms 1995 cited in Pratt 2007: 2) The Criminal Justice Act (CJA) 1991 saw reform aimed at reducing the prison population by sentencing offenders for the crime committed without considering the number of previous offenses. ... A Canadian initiated scheme called Circles of Support and Accountability (COSA) developed out of the ...

• Word Count: 2070
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Indeed, trends in Australia from 1965 to 1985 demonstrate an increasing number of homicide cases being reported to the police, but since the figures are rising more slowly than the population, the homicide rate has actually fallen over this period, from nearly six per hundred thousand to less than 4.4. ... In Canada, the homicide rate fell from a peak of 3.09 per 100,000 population in 1975(the year before the abolition of the death penalty for murder) to 2.74 in 1983, and in 1986 it reached a 15-year low. ...

• Word Count: 2841
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate