The airline industry faces competition from other transportation modes, such as railroads, buses. ... In the airline industry, even if the capital cost of entry are fairly low, offering airline services requires airline and aircraft certification, gates, takeoff and landing slots, baggage handling services, and the marketing and distribution of tickets. ... Their costs reduction was constrained by their complex, restrictive labor agreements, their infrastructures and their commitments to provide scheduled services over vast route networks. ... The net effect has been to increase the choice of ...

• Word Count: 3996
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: Undergraduate