Non-shivering thermogenesis occurs within the brown adipose tissue. This method of thermogenesis uses the protein UCP1 to move electrons down the mitochondrial gradient and give off heat in the form of energy created from ATP (Cheng et al, 2013). UCP1 is the uncoupling protein often found in brown adipose tissue used in non-shivering thermogenesis. UPC1 proteins allow hydrogens to passively diffuse into the mitochondrial matrix thus generating heat (Astrid et al, 2014). ... This was a direct result of the UCP1 not being expressed as prevalently in the brite adipose as in the brown adipose tis...

• Word Count: 826
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It is worth mentioning the validated CFD based fluid/structure fracture model (FSFM) that was previously developed by Mahgerefteh and Brown (2011) for the prediction of ductile fractures occurring in pressurized pipelines used for transporting anthropogenic CO2 from various fossil fuel power plants. The overarching theory and crucial validation of this fluid/structure fracture model (FSFM) is excellently covered in Mahgerefteh et al., (2010) and Mahgerefteh et al., (2011). This model involved the use of Drop Weight Tear Test energy fracture model with Mahgerefteh et al.,'s extensively val...

• Word Count: 1647
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers, are an increasing concern within the healthcare setting (Shannon, Brown & Chakravarty, 2012). ... Patients that have been identified as high risk for developing pressure ulcers, include the elderly, those with acute illness, those in an orthopaedic setting and patients who are bed bound (Shannon, Brown & Chakravarty, 2012). ... The impact of pressure ulcers physically and emotionally can consequently lower patients' quality of life (Shannon, Brown & Chakravarty, 2012). ... These results are important as a decrease in blood flow ...

• Word Count: 1385
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety, eating disorders, hyperactivity, substance abuse, and suicide, all of which can hide depressive symptoms (Blackman, 1995; Brown, 1996; Lasko et al., 1996; Oster & Montgomery, 1996). ... Depression is often described as an exaggeration of the duration and intensity of "normal" mood changes (Brown 1996). ... For other teens, depression arises from poor family relations which could include decreased family support and perceived rejection by parents (Lasko et al., 1996). ... In fact, Brown (1996) stated that ...

• Word Count: 1418
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety, eating disorders, hyperactivity, substance abuse, and suicide, all of which can hide depressive symptoms (Blackman, 1995; Brown, 1996; Lasko et al., 1996; Oster & Montgomery, 1996). ... Depression is often described as an exaggeration of the duration and intensity of "normal" mood changes (Brown 1996). ... For other teens, depression arises from poor family relations which could include decreased family support and perceived rejection by parents (Lasko et al., 1996). ... In fact, Brown (1996) stated that ...

• Word Count: 1418
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Extended research that supports these hypotheses also suggests that butch lesbians may be physiologically similar to heterosexual men due to prenatal androgen exposure (Bassett et al. 2001; Brown et al. 2002; Pearce et al. 1996; Singh et al. 1999). Brown and colleagues (2002) support these suggestions with their finding of finger length differences in butch and femme lesbians in which butch lesbians show smaller deviations between the two finger lengths of the right hand. ... They found that femme lesbians showed more jealousy to physically attractive rival and also sought financial resources ...

• Word Count: 1702
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Categories of mental disorders are based on observable, phenotypic features rather than etiologies and neurobiological factors (Brown & Barlow, 2009; Watson, 2005). ... While the DSM of mood and anxiety disorders hold great reliability (Brown & Barlow, 2009), the current categorical grouping lacks empirical evidence based on validity. ... There was still diagnostic disagreement based on the current categorical system (Brown & Barlow, 2009). ... However, when you remove this exclusion rule, the rate of comorbidity between two disorders was 90% (Brown & Barlow, 2009). ... PTSD, MDD, DYS ...

• Word Count: 2163
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A study conducted by Brown et al. aids in strengthening this argument. ... Additionally, they theorized that the teens with early exposure would partake in sexual acts prematurely (Brown et al., 2009). ... Brown et al. concluded that being black, older, having less-educated parents, lower socioeconomic status, and high need for sensation was correlated positively to exposure, for both males and females. ... Unfortunately, watching pornography has been correlated to negative attitudes toward contraceptives (Wingood et al., 2001). Wingood et al. focused on associations between viewing X-rated ...

• Word Count: 3224
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Current research is closely linking the social environment with expression of disease, risk of developments of mental disorder, and resiliency factors (Alegria et al., 2010). ... Therefore, today evidenced-based practice requires careful consideration of socio-cultural differences in the classification and treatment of people with mental disorders (Regier et al., 2013). ... Information regarding differences between cultures symptom expression, has also been expanded upon – only for some of the disorders – and this is acknowledging that there are different syndromes that are releva...

• Word Count: 2238
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although the ingredients differ from brand to brand, two common ingredients that are found through out the market are caffeine and green tea extract (Outlaw et al. 2013). ... Many studies have reported that their test subjects have increased their resting energy expenditure by 4.6% while consuming caffeine (Ryan et al. 2009). ... Green tea has been recognized in aiding in weight loss and has recently become the fourth most used supplement in the United States (Dullo et al, 2000). It is theorized to increase energy expenditure by stimulating the break down of brown adipose tissue during thermog...

• Word Count: 976
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Due to the overwhelming caseloads processed through the court system, the needs of the offender for additional treatment (i.e., drug addiction, mental illness, alcohol abuse) find themselves incarcerated in an already overcrowded jail or prison with little or no treatment programs to address their i...

• Word Count: 4011
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(Steinberg: 208) Another possible reason is offered by Flege (Theo Bongaerts et al, 1997) that "one of the main cause of foreign accents is the increasing tendency of L2 learners, once they have established the phonetic categories for their L1, to perceive L2 sound in terms of those categories. ... (Brown: 54) To put it in another way, "while you are young, at an age at which the pattern and rules of your native language are still comparatively new to you, the interference that comes form the rules of the native language is likely to be small. ... (Brown: 116) While the motivation of classroom...

• Word Count: 1663
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This pattern of heavy, intermittent drinking is also prevalent among college students (White et al, 2002a) and young military personnel (Bray, 1996). ... A rough estimate of the age range for adolescence in rats is between 30-50 days of age (Little et al., 1996). ... Indeed, there appears to be an increased reliance on the frontal lobes in the control of behavior, a process commonly referred to as frontalization (Rubia et al., 2000). At the same time that gray matter volumes and metabolism decrease, neural activity during the performance of certain tasks becomes more focused and eff...

• Word Count: 2963
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(Caffrey, et al, 2003:282) Pain can also be categorised in regard to a pathophysiological cause: nociceptive as somatic or visceral and neuropathic pain. ... (Brown 2005: 133). ... (Brown, 2005:133) Pain generally starts with a physical event such as a cut or burn. ... Some common presentations of children in hospital are procedure-related pain and abdominal pain which most of the time fall into the acute pain category (Schechter et al, 2003). ... Furthermore, pain can be described as a multidimensional experience which needs to be confronted with a holistic multidisciplinary approach (Sc...

• Word Count: 1516
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Brand awareness has a great influence on selections and can be a prior consideration base in a product category (Hoyer & Brown, 1990). ... A product with a high level of brand awareness will receive higher consumer preferences because it has higher market share and quality evaluation (Dodds et al., 1991; Grewal et al., 1998). Perceived Quality Perceived quality is a result of consumers' subjective judgment on a product (Zeithaml, 1988; Dodds et al., 1991; Aaker, 1991). ... Perceived quality is a consumer judgment on the accumulative product benefits and a subjective feeling on product qu...

• Word Count: 2522
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ecological tipping points are very hard to predict because their approach may be accompanied by slow changes in contrast to the fast, extreme changes that occur when a tipping point is reached (Jordan et al., 2007). ... Presently during summertime, warming of Greenland and shrinkage of the Greenland ice sheets contributed an estimated 1.9–3.0 m to sea level, although a widespread ice cap remained (Otto-Bliesner et al., 2006). Broadly consistent with this, future projections suggest a GIS threshold for negative surface mass balance resides at 3°C local warming (above preindustrial) (Lent...

• Word Count: 2460
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Brown (2008) even more pointed in her article on the concept of the burden of alzheimer's stated that "one of the greatest costs of AD can be the physical and emotional toll on family members, caregivers, and friends of people with the disease. ... " Physical and Psychological Burden The research of Akpinar et al. (2011), and Kaufer et al. (2005) implies that reported effects on physical health for families of person's with Alzheimer's disease includes high blood pressure, poor self-care, lack of sleep and exercise. ... The research of Hutchison (2010), and Kaufer et ...

• Word Count: 1955
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety, eating disorders, hyperactivity, substance abuse and suicide (Blackman, 1995; Brown, 1996; Lasko et al., 1996; Oster & Montgomery, 1996) all of which can hide depressive symptoms. ... Depression is often described as an exaggeration of the duration and intensity of "normal" mood changes (Brown 1996). ... For other teens, depression arises from poor family relations that could include decreased family support and perceived rejection by parents (Lasko et al., 1996). ... In fact, Brown (1996) stated, "it was onl...

• Word Count: 2516
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The relationship between state and nation is important, a state is "generally recognized by other countries as possessing legal sovereignty over what happens in its territory, being responsible for the institutions of government, who both formulate and enforce the laws of the state, and are responsible for its security and protection" (Brown 1995: 10). ... Brown, S (1995) New forces, Old Forces, and the Future of World Politics. ... "Who we are and what we do is no longer given to us by tradition; instead each individual faces the challenge of combining personal autonomy with an ongoing sense ...

• Word Count: 1928
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Some of these emissions are also known to be changing the earth's climate (Gurjar et al., 2005). ... - N2 + O2 2NO Once in the atmosphere, nitric oxide reacts with additional oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide (NO2) a red-brown, toxic gas that causes irritation to the eyes and the respiratory system. ... (Gurjar et al., 2010) - S + O2 SO2 The main source of sulfur dioxide is industrial activity that processes materials that contain sulfur; a major example is the generation of electricity from coal and mining of coal. ... VOCs react...

• Word Count: 2264
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"The value question will fall into two broad groups, questions about your own personal and professional values and questions about the values of the local community" (Rallis et al., 2008, p. 14). ... Your professional wisdom is the touchstone in your reasoning process and lays the foundation for the exploration and moral reasoning that come next" (Rallis et al., 2008, p. 17). ...

• Word Count: 2753
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"The value question will fall into two broad groups, questions about your own personal and professional values and questions about the values of the local community" (Rallis et al., 2008, p. 14). ... Your professional wisdom is the touchstone in your reasoning process and lays the foundation for the exploration and moral reasoning that come next" (Rallis et al., 2008, p. 17). ...

• Word Count: 2753
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Stated otherwise, there has been more growth in population since 1950 than during the 4 million preceding years since our early ancestors first stood upright- (Brown, Gardner, and Halweil 17). In the latest spurt of human multiplication, it's interesting to note that in the past two years "all but 3 percent [of human population] growth has taken place in developing countries- (Engleman et al. 3). ...

• Word Count: 758
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For many student-athletes the time they put into a sport is comparable to having a 30-40 hour a week job (Brown, Glastetter-Fender &ump; Shelton, 2000; Schroeder, 2000; Simons, Van Rheenen &ump; Covington, 1999). ... For instance, topics related to identity development, career development and maturity, identity foreclosure, team development and socialization, and retirement of student-athletes (Brown, Glastetter-Fender & Shelton, 2000; Murphy, Petitpas, &; Brewer,1996; Parham, 1993). ... According to Brewer et al. (1993) as college students mature and experience other college activities their ...

• Word Count: 2468
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Similarly, in referring specifically to pronunciation instruction, Brown has pointed out that "the ELT teacher () must often decide which features of language, on the one hand, are important and therefore merit precious class time and which, on the other hand, are relatively unimportant and may be overlooked until a more advanced stage" (Brown, 1988: 593). ...

• Word Count: 2008
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate