A short period known as High Renaissance (1500-1520) gave birth to some of the most influential and greatly known artists, among them Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael. ... Although Botticelli died in obscurity, his works were rediscovered and thus thrust him back into the art world; one of his most famous pieces is "The Birth of Venus"(1483). ... To these scholars the story of her birth was the symbol of mystery through which the divine message of beauty came into the world. ... What we see here is not actually the birth of Venus out of the waves, but the moment when, having been conveyed b...

• Word Count: 1718
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, when it comes to understanding people, the aspects of birth order have a lot to offer. ... This may sound simple at first, but birth order has many different levels and can be very complex. On the whole, birth order suggests that one's birth position in a family can help explain certain areas of our personality. ... Even though your birth order can greatly influence personality and even the type of person one grows up to be, there are still even deeper aspects of birth order. ... Although many birth order theories have been tested and have yielded results that correlate to tradi...

• Word Count: 1413
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"Training Traditional Birth Attendants wastes time and resources."" ... Traditional Birth Attendants are often selected by their local communities. ... Family planning A small scale training program for birth attendants in the Sahel was evaluated two years after it had begun. ... Traditionally the attitudes of professional staff to birth attendants has often been negative, which can have the undesirable effect of deterring birth attendants from making referrals early, if at all. ... A biomedical understanding of birth is introduced by focusing on a physiological realm divorced from soci...

• Word Count: 2050
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Thirdly, because religious and cultural systems are hostile to the notion of family planning and birth control, in this point, they advance on overpopulation too. In the New York Times article, "The Birth Control Solution," Kristof reported that while in developed nations the birth rate is usually lower than two children per woman, in places such as Uganda, Chad, and Afghanistan women average six children apiece. ... Kristof also noted that he met women in rural Africa who had never even heard of birth control. ...

• Word Count: 1737
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Only 28 percent of the abused girls used birth control the first time they engaged in intercourse compared to 74 percent of girls in the general population (Malika Saada Saar 1). ... Comprehensive sex education programs stress abstinence in order to avoid unintended pregnancies and STD's however it also conveys complete and medically accurate information about contraception and ways of birth control. ... In order for adolescents to gain accurate and helpful information about contraception and birth control they must partake in comprehensive sex education programs in school rather than abs...

• Word Count: 1645
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

 The Societal Birth Rights of Women We humans now in the 21st century have evolved into a world of adequate justice compared to previous decades and centuries. Although we have progressed from slavery to salaries, racism to law abiding acceptance, and women inferiority to women's suffrage, the di...

• Word Count: 2102
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In this case, the birth parents maintain legal authority for all decisions regarding medical treatment and education or special education needs of their child. ... The child welfare agency then works with the birth family and makes the legal decisions about the children, including deciding where the children will live. ... In Pennsylvania, depending on the circumstances, birth parents have the option of holding on to legal rights and custody, or may sign over temporary custody to the kin caregivers (childwelfare.org). ... More often than not, these situations involve a closed adoption arrang...

• Word Count: 1849
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

India, the second largest population on the planet, is predicted to overtake China with its booming birth rate. The years 1980 to 2011, saw India's population grew by 50%, the highest by any nation. According to the a study conducted by the French Institute of Demographic Studies, India's population...

• Word Count: 1433
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although supplementation use is advised, maternal obesity is best understood as a contributor as to mothers giving birth to anencephalic babies. ... A strong association has been demonstrated between a woman's pre-pregnancy BMI and risk for offspring with certain birth defects, particularly anencephaly and spina bifida. ... Potential explanation as to why obesity could be a contributor to anencephaly and birth defects include nutritional factors or metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity. ... According to the article, "Maternal Overweight and Obesity and the Risk of Congenital A...

• Word Count: 1391
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In fact, many attempts were made throughout the 1900's for reformed "family planning", which aimed at decreasing the average household size through only planned births. ... Mao's rethought outlook in 1956; "It is necessary to publicize and promote birth control and planned parenthood in all densely populated areas." ... This meant one birth per household for a country whose tradition is couched in large families and their lives lead through familial ties since the birth of the Chinese culture. ... There were three main tenets encouraged in the policy: delayed marriage and delayed ...

• Word Count: 2432
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Female spotted hyenas urinate, mate, and give birth through a hole in this pseudo-penis. ... In this study the specimens were divided into three developmental states: 30-34 days, 45-58 days, and 64 days to birth. ... Further, the running of the urogenital tract through the pseudo penis elongates the birth canal and creates a sharp turn. ... Birth complications also lead to high mortality rates in first time mothers [7,8]. It is estimated that in the wild eight percent of females die giving birth to their first child, and that 16-25% of expected lifetime births are lost due to complications ari...

• Word Count: 1647
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Pro-natalist policies aim for more births and population growth, in a country with low fertility rate causing either zero or negative population growth. ... Family policy measures were already introduced in the 1930s after low birth rates and emigration in the pre-war period. ... Parents also have the opportunity for extremely long parental leaves with high percentages of their wages after birth. This graph shows the decrease in crude birth rate. ... In 1985 crude death rate overtook crude birth rate, implicating a negative natural population movement. ...

• Word Count: 1386
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the process of the adoption the birth mother has the right to cancel the adoption and take the child back. The birth of a baby is an emotionally charged event for everyone in this process, such as birth and adopted parents, and the cancellation of adoption can result in broken hearts and hurt feelings (Ireland). ... The adopting parent must know that it is a long process and some of this process can be sad and unfortunately canceled because in the course of the process the birth mother can change her decision to give her baby in adoption. ... This service may include some classes that educa...

• Word Count: 1428
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After much deliberation the Chinese leaders opted for an intensive programme of birth control during the 1970's in the aftermath of the Cultural Revolution. This scheme was so successful it reduced the number of births by 10 million when comparing the years of 1971 and 1979. ... The government spelt out its three reproductive expectations in the slogan wan-xi-shao (later, longer, fewer), meaning later marriage, longer intervals between births and fewer children. ... The reason attributed to this early success was the unique way in which the Chinese birth programme was organised with the g...

• Word Count: 1481
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There are many factors which have contributed to the changes in the UK population over the years such as birth rates, death rates, immigration and emigration. Although there have been fluctuations in the UK's birth rates due to three baby booms, overall there has been a long term decline in the number of births. There are numerous suggestions as to why the birth rate is declining in the UK, including that the position of women in society has changed, the infant mortality rate has decreased, people are now living significantly longer and immigration patterns have changed. ... For example,...

• Word Count: 1272
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1996, the National Counsel on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) did a study indicating that 18 percent of women inmates interviewed had given birth at some time during a past or present prison term (Acoca & Austin, 1998). ... According to the 1996 National Counsel on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) study pregnant incarcerated women also noted that there was, A lack of adequate prenatal and postnatal medical care (obstetrics), lack of prenatal nutrition, lack of adequate levels of methadone maintenance for opiate-dependent pregnant inmates, inadequate education regarding child birth and paren...

• Word Count: 1373
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Early depiction of African Americans in Hollywood According to From Slavery to Freedom African Americans were "outraged " when the movie Birth of a Nation was introduced to America. ... Birth of a Nation suggested Black men were vicious vile beast that sought out White women and Black women were sex slaves. ... Birth of a Nation was the initiation of the media brainwashing negative images of African Americans. ... Sambo's were later depicted as lusting after and raping white women, which was the justification for the Klu Klux Klan (Birth of a Nation). ... Since the 1930's movie Bi...

• Word Count: 1272
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Oedipus, the protagonist of the play, is the birth son of King Laius and Queen Jocasta of Thebes. ... This complex is roundly exhibited in the play 'Oedipus Rex', where Oedipus does end up murdering his birth father and marrying his birth mother, Jocasta. ... In the first instance, Oedipus transferred the anger of his birth to a stranger he encountered where the three roads from Corinth to Thebes meet and Oedipus unknowingly kills the stranger who is his father. ... (Sophocles Pg.1145) The messenger goes on to reveal that Oedipus is not the birth son of Polybus and Merope but a f...

• Word Count: 1933
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

An increasing number of researchers, scientists and practitioners are questioning the use of animals in research on ethical, moral, socio-political and scientific grounds. Use of animal research data to affect change in their patients is rarely used by clinical psychologists. This is certainly a pub...

• Word Count: 2170
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Sheridan in 1970); many of his other books began to appear in translation following the success of The Order of Things, making his work accessible to an international audience.[3] In 1970, he was given the opportunity to join faculty at the CollÃge de France, and named his chair "History and Systems of Thought. "[4] By the 1980s, historians began dealing with the implications of Foucault's work.[5] The Birth of the Clinic, his second major book-length work, was published in 1963. ... Foucault practiced a kind of history of ideas, which some have described as a shift toward history of me...

• Word Count: 2204
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Also, children with low birth weight and premature babies are at a higher risk. ... It is estimated that seventy to eighty percent of children in Kilifi are born at home, under the supervision of untrained traditional birth attendants (Abubakar et al, 2010). ... This is because low socioeconomic status mothers often lack adequate prenatal care and are therefore more likely to give birth to low birth weight children (Mrozek Budzyn, Dorota, Malogorzata Kieltyka, and Renata Majewska, 2014). Children born with a lower than normal birth weight tend to develop seizures, mental retardation, cerebral ...

• Word Count: 1444
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Therefore, this degrades the female role in reproduction, as Frankenstein does not believe they are capable of birthing a child. Mary Shelley may have included the idea of a lack of female role in reproduction due to the fact that her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, died just eleven days after giving birth, and so Shelley had very little female influence during her upbringing. ... Shelley uses language such as "incredible labour " and "infinite pains ", both of which are associated with the actual act of giving birth. ... This is the time it takes for a baby to grow in a woman's womb natural...

• Word Count: 1854
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Abstinence-only sex education persuades teens to wait until marriage before having sex, but totally ignores all other aspects of comprehensive sexual education, like safe sex and the use of contraceptives and birth control ("Truth About Abstinence-Only Programs," n.d.). ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) revealed that teen birth rates in America have fallen by 57% since 1991 due to sex and contraception education (Kleeman, 2014). ... About one in four adolescents aged 15-19 received abstinence education without receiving any instruction about birth control in 2006–2...

• Word Count: 1602
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After the birth of drama, many different skilled playwrights emerged and established well-respected reputations at the annual festival of Dionysia. ... Some of Sophocles' greatest plays were the Greek tragedies of The Oedipus Cycle, a trio of stories about how a man named Oedipus's cunning led him to become the king of Thebes, but an unrelenting search for the truth about his birth coupled with an irascible nature ultimately guided him to his demise. At birth, Oedipus was prophesied to one day kill his father and marry his mother, which scared his parents into having one of their se...

• Word Count: 1488
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Alcohol exposure in utero is also the number one cause of mental retardation in the United States, and one of the three leading causes of birth defects (CDC,1996). ... The term was coined in 1973 by Jones and Smith, two physicians who were working on the hypothesis that malnutrition in alcoholic women caused birth defects (Bagheri, Burd, Martsolf, & Klug, 1997). ... Usually the child shows weight and/or length below the 10th percentile at birth, with persistent growth lag throughout childhood. ... The first article I looked at was based on the idea that nurses working with young children cou...

• Word Count: 1764
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate