Before the war began, 1939, most Jews had already begun to be sent to concentration camps, transit camps, or forced to live in ghettoes. ... Before he can equate being Jewish with his (Hitler's) enemies, he must first ensure that all Germany hates Jews. ... Not only were Jews evil, they were also the reason behind which Germany was attacked and defeated by the English and French forces. ... As Flood puts it, "Hitler brought forward his equation that Jews were Marxists, Marxists were Jews" (Flood 593). ... Although Mein Kampf was written well before the actual beginnings of World War ...

• Word Count: 2487
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

So I think we can not state they were a complete success, neither a complete failure. ... Russia, an inert sleeping giant before 1914, now became industrialised at an unbelievable speed. ... He also made education compulsory and free for all. ... We can, thus say, that collectivisation produced major "man-made famines-, responsible of many deaths. ... In conclusion, we can say that Stalin's policies did make Russia a very successful industrial country. ...

• Word Count: 581
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In mid April Lenin had arrived in Petrograd, Lenin had been exiled for most of his life, he was given a free passage to Russia by the Germans, the Germans did this because they thought that he was a spy and this would weaken Russia. ... Lenin wrote The state and Revolution - within it he explained the Marxist doctrine of the need to completely dismember the bourgeois state before a proletarian could be constructed, however this book was not published until after the revolution in 1918, as with many other pieces of his work. ... There were more economic and industrial problems. ... There were ...

• Word Count: 775
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These countries were able to use this assistance to maintain self sufficiency and combat the idealistic viewpoints of socialistic communism that seemed very ideal to many people at the time. ... Many countries such as Greece and Turkey, were unable to protect themselves from larger super powers like Russia and received protection from countries like Britain. ... Truman also argued that the United States was compelled to assist "free peoples" in their struggles against "totalitarian regimes," because the spread of authoritarianism would "undermine the foundations of int...

• Word Count: 1139
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1928 Stalin said; "We are 50 to 100 years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in 10 years. Either we do it, or we shall be crushed ". ... Stalin aimed to revoked religion, control devotion, individualism and free thought. ... The elimination of its key military figures meant to West Europe they were no longer a viable counterweight leaving them more isolated than before. ...

• Word Count: 1393
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Before any state can ascend to the status of superpower a shared philosophy, or general direction, must first be established. ... we answer: "We would propose peace to all the belligerents all the oppressed, and those who do not have equal rights And we would also raise in rebellion, the Socialist proletariat of Europe against their governments."1 Lenin believed that once a revolution occurred in Russia the notions would spread to the rest of Europe, with a Communist Russia at the helm. ... In response to a letter in a newspaper by writer Maxim Gorky criticizing the Bolshevik actions, ...

• Word Count: 1728
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When answering this question we must be careful not to confuse stability with the quest for peace and security which is a goal of arms control, the fact that an area or country is free from the threat of arms isn't evidence to the stability of that country or the international system as a whole. ... If the government feels unthreatened from external forces then it can turn its attention to pressing domestic problems, which may cause increased stability within the state as well as contributing to a hostile free international community. ... If a radical group with a hatred of the Indian ...

• Word Count: 2631
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The attempt to replace the centralized, collectivized economic system with a free market economy was (and continues to be) fraught with difficulties. ... Compounding the inherent difficulties of transforming a controlled collective economy into a free market economy were three major shocks. ... Land remained in state ownership, but most of the livestock and collective property were privatized to former collective members. ... It was deemed that the traditional methods that the pastoralists used were unsustainable.. ... Poverty, which had never been a chronic problem before in Mongoli...

• Word Count: 2388
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Some workers were sent to respond to the disaster and were ordered to encase the reactor in concrete. ... Economic indicators were also commonly suppressed and falsified to the point where the final economic collapse was bound to happen. ... Upon putting it into practice, the Soviet government stated that: "it was not until 1988, that it was admitted we were running a budget deficit, and as a result the government had no way to take remedial action,"6 and by the time of Gorbachev, it was too late. ... "7 By introducing Perestroika (the policy of economic and governmental reform ...

• Word Count: 1148
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Some workers were sent to respond to the disaster and were ordered to encase the reactor in concrete. ... Economic indicators were also commonly suppressed and falsified to the point where the final economic collapse was bound to happen. ... Upon putting it into practice, the Soviet government stated that: "it was not until 1988, that it was admitted we were running a budget deficit, and as a result the government had no way to take remedial action," and by the time of Gorbachev, it was too late. ... " By introducing Perestroika (the policy of economic and governmental reform in...

• Word Count: 1148
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Considering that he shaped the direction of post-World War II Europe, we may regard him as the most powerful person to live during the 20th century. ... Both his parents were peasants. ... He quit the seminary before graduation, in order to be a full-time revolutionary. ... Before this treatise appeared (1914), however, Stalin was sent to Siberia . ... Before the winter of 1918, Stalin had been recalled to Moscow by Lenin. ...

• Word Count: 7507
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Millions of people were arrested and either harassed or killed. ... The people were angry at the fact that the Communist Party had not lived up to what it had promised which was in return for their obedience they would receive employment, free health care, and a level of comfort. ... In 1991, as the Soviet economy deteriorated, Gorbachev faced competing pressures from hard-line Communists, from free-market reformers, and from nationalists and secessionists seeking independence for their republics. ... Under the Communist Regime there were immense social problems. In the period before Gorbach...

• Word Count: 3016
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Assembling an entirely new government, the Bolsheviks gave free reign to the Russian avant-garde to create a new culture and thus a new society through art. ... Never before and never since has the avant-garde been so allied with a reigning government. ... The streets were filled with joy, as all through Russia artists embraced the Revolution, calling for a change. ... We will provide a true picture of events and not abstract concoctions discrediting our Revolution in the face of the proletariat. The old art groups existing before the Revolution have lost their meaning The day of revolut...

• Word Count: 4641
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

 The Life and Death of Détente: Nixon, Carter, and Reagan, 1968-1988 "If we can learn to live together on these issues and work together and negotiate on these we may change the world. ... Nixon "I don't see why we need some fancy French word in dealing with the Russians; we already have a word for it- Cold War.... Others, however, felt that talks and negotiations were analogous to appeasement and made the United States look weak. ... The protection of the American ideal of free persons, pluralism and the defense of liberal democracy had been sac...

• Word Count: 3059
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In a speech in 1929, Stalin stated, "We are becoming a country of metal, a country of automobiles, a country of tractors. And when we have put the USSR in a motorcar and the muzhik in a tractor, we shall see which countries may then be classified as backward and which as advanced "1. ... Skepticism, differing thoughts, or criticism of the government were not tolerated because they went against the beliefs of the sole political party in the USSR. ... It was a true totalitarian regime because of the lack of labor union and lack of free speech or press. ... In the 1930s, his promises actualized w...

• Word Count: 2251
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It was the end of any trace of "normal" family life for Stalin, and witnesses saw tears in his eyes at her funeral--the only report that we have of the great dictator crying. ... But while his rivals from the '20s had suffered defeat, they were still alive and in the Party. ... Large-scale purges struck the country, targeting all levels of society--including children: Stalin reasoned that parents were more likely to confess to trumped-up charges of subversion and disloyalty if they knew their children's lives were at risk. ... All of the confessors were sentenced to death. The fo...

• Word Count: 5151
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The consequence of that is clear: what we at a given time consider domestic is the result of a previous interplay between domestic and international- (James A.1986, cited in Søresen 2001: 12). ... The reason of this exclusion of the particular identity of the states is due to the need felt by Waltz to find a model, a static theory, free from weak confutable points on the empirical level. ... Thus, the theory claims to be successfully applicable to International Politics "through all the centuries that we can contemplate- (Waltz, cited in Søresen 1998: 85). ... Before the war, in fact, t...

• Word Count: 2336
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

American foreign policy decision makers were at the time operating under the understanding that the Soviet Union was gaining power. ... They felt Brezhnev had to be stopped before his gradual spreading of socialism went any further. ... Allen Lynch writes: The strong ideological tone adopted by the Reagan administration in 1981, together with its downgrading of arms control, eventually shattered a strong consensus in Moscow that there were strict limits to hostility intrinsic to the Soviet-American relationship.(3) Reaction in Moscow was reluctant and reserved, however in October 1982, one...

• Word Count: 3267
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, while a variety of sources were available regarding his Western counterparts such as Montgomery and Eisenhower, copies of books written or translated into English regarding the matter were rare, to say the least. ... There were exceptions- MacFarquhar's recent works are not as apologist to Mao as Origins of the Cultural Revolution, and the main cause of this seems to be the changing nature of evidence and world events. ... While most historians were analysed according to their general and individual perspectives at the time of writing, others were simply defined by their genera...

• Word Count: 4647
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Nepmen were prime targets, but Kulaks, the richer farmers, and bourgeois experts were seen as contrary to the claim of revolution. ... Before and throughout the five-year plans Stalin's propaganda machine created an image of Stalin following the Leninist' path, ridiculing the rightists who were bringing back capitalism' whilst further damaging the leftist world-wide revolution' for being irresponsible and unpatriotic. ... As Lenin had made clear, the N.E.P was a step backwards so that we can make two steps forward' and in 1928 these two step forwards were becom...

• Word Count: 5589
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate