With this resentment rapidly growing, we begin to see an emergence of the white supremacist movement that devoured the post-reconstruction South. ... Therefore, this left the states little room to push the freed slaves back into submission. ... Since the states knew that they could not prevent the freed slaves from voting. ... With this in mind, we begin to see the intricately woven tale that Chesnutt uses to demonstrate the emergence of hate crimes in the post-reconstruction South, which were spurred by this bloody battle for white supremacy. ... Happening in the beginning of the story...

• Word Count: 1273
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In January 1775 five regiments of Hanoverians became British mercenaries; three regiments were sent to Gibraltar to release British troops and the remaining two were sent directly to America. ... His Majesty's army was already in a precarious position; it was in grave danger of losing control of the colonies before the year was complete. ... Samuel Johnson quipped: "How is it that we hear the loudest yelps for liberty among the drivers of Negroes?" Even before Lord Dunmore's proclamation and the signature of the Declaration of Independence slaves had presented themselves to the Bri...

• Word Count: 1913
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In one perspective we are offered that it is probably a coincidence that no blacks had ever been elected for the office, and that a street closing is just a routine traffic control decision. ... A series of these laws were known as black codes. They were designed to govern movement, marriage, work relations, and most major aspects of freed person's life. Basically these black codes were another name for the same thing that was happening before the civil war, only with a slight compliance with constitution. Not much had changed in the actual implementation of rights for freed slaves until...

• Word Count: 793
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Benjamin Banneker was an African American that invented many products and practices that we still employ today. ... Eventually she freed her slaves and married one of them named Bannaky. ... These benefits to tobacco farming were especially important in as much as they were crucial in supplying the funding that built Duke University, who instructs some of the most renowned Doctors today, and socially we as a country have accepted the use of tobacco products that helped boost the economy and as a nation we have adapted to it. ... He was also the first scientist to study the relativity of ti...

• Word Count: 1655
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Therefore, the Ex-Colored Man would hardly be treated as a black boy, if it were not for him and for people around him being told that he is not white. After this moment of revelation and before he decides to pass for white, the narrator acquires a new vision of the situation of black people in the United States. ... This with the situation of black people contributes to the narrator's decision of establishing his identity as a colored person with honor and dignity, before choosing, later on the novel, to pass for white. ... He is tired of humiliation and shame and wants to be successful...

• Word Count: 977
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The land of the free (except for slaves) and the home of the brave (and extremely violent and repressive) inculcated racial myths within Clemens during his antebellum childhood on the Mississippi that were slowly fractured, but never completely expunged, as he matured intellectually. ... The endemic insecurity of such a society required all of its members to deceive themselves in order to survive and make "sense- within the social context they were born. ... But as evidenced throughout most of his longer works, we see Twain's continual embrace of the overtly racist, albeit internally...

• Word Count: 3141
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

All slaves knew work associated with their culture and not the American culture, left them with nothing, so when freed in the late 1800's they had no other trade skills. So they were "insufficient to task" or niggardly. ... As a result, the US Supreme Court and the Chief Judge ruled in favor of the infamous Dred Scott Case that as far as they were concerned, blacks were only 3/5's human and therefore had no rights that the white man was bound to respect. ... Like, Bunny Plaskett who remembers the pain of life in the United States before the civil rights. ... The bottom line is tha...

• Word Count: 1650
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

During the Reconstruction, blacks were first freed from slavery, ability to be considered American citizens, and finally granted the right to vote. ... The Declaration of Sentiments stated, "We hold these truths to be self evident that all men and women are created equal[ ]." The rally of women suffragists fought to be "absolutely free agents in the disposition of themselves."... I trust that our nation was not founded on exploiting labor, that's why we fought such a great war, was to end such immorality. ... Directly after the publishing of The Jungle, the Pure Food and Drug Act es...

• Word Count: 1668
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Africans were seen as sole commodities. ... When they arrived on American soil in 1839 they were technically free people, and that's the technicality that won them their case. The Africans were never slaves but despite that the people of our country still treated them as if they were, simply because they were black. ... Black women were viewed as sex symbols; they were believed to promote promiscuity and were forced to sexually please their owners. ... When we are creating our own Greek life and organizational societies of people to consist of one sole ethnicity because we wish to identi...

• Word Count: 2862
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Martin Luther King addressed the nation with his "I Have a Dream" speech in 1963, King believed in the power of natural law to propel the free flow of justice in a color blind society. ... King stated that the "Emancipation Proclamation" came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice the Negro still is not free. ... King vowed that until the Negro members of society were granted the same rights as the white man he would continue to violate those laws which were morally unjust in an attempt to bring about justice stating...

• Word Count: 2706
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Slaves were able to develop methods of worship that were not only unique to their people, but were filled with elements of worship not previously associated with traditionally Christian worship. ... However, in the minds of blacks, America took on the role of Egypt in the Exodus story and is well illustrated the words of Maria Stewart, a free black reform activist: America, America, foul and indelible is thy stain! ... The blood of her murdered ones cries to heaven for vengeance against Thee You may kill, tyrannize, and oppress as much as you choose, until cry shall come up before the throne...

• Word Count: 1954
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

But how can we overcome discrimination while the forces that protect us are one of the major causes? ... Department of Justice report stated that in 1999, African Americans were 20% more likely to be stopped than white Americans, and police were more than twice as likely to search the car of an African American or Hispanic driver than a white driver. ... Of the nearly 12,000 full-time state court judges across the country, only 465 were African American, and 150 were Latino in 1991. In a 2000 Census, the percentage of judges who were white calculate to 83.2%, 8.8% were African American, and Hi...

• Word Count: 3114
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The laws" intent was to afford underprivileged minority groups" equal opportunities for employment that were available to the white male. ... We are now seeing more women, white and black primarily, black men and even the American native Indian in the American workplace. Although this has attributed to the overall growth in achieving a more diverse workplace, it is not the free ticket for minorities to enter into the workplace in any area of work. Certain standards must be met before affirmative action can ever play a role in determining who is hired. ... The law school is ____ up to for...

• Word Count: 1980
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The immigrants were ready to let go of their ties to Ireland, "choose between Ireland and South Carolina, we say South Carolina forever". ... Ignatiev gave other examples where the Catholic Church was influential in convincing the immigrants that loyalty to America came before loyalty to Ireland. ... The Democratic Party also seemed more sympathetic to the Irish's concern that free blacks would take their jobs. ... The Irish-based labor unions at first fought amongst themselves and other whites such as the Germans but once the freed blacks began to look for work, they became a threa...

• Word Count: 1854
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Because he grew up in this kind of environment, DuBois had no firsthand experience of unequal conditions of blacks before he went south to Fisk University in 1885. ... Washington summed up his thoughts when he stated in his speech, The Atlanta Compromise, "In all things that are purely social, we can be separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." White leaders loved Washington's speech in which all of his ideas were presented. ... He saw that blacks were not being given a fair chance even after waiting patiently and following his plan. ......

• Word Count: 1561
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Playing on his slave's ignorance, a white slave owner gives the freed slave not the promised valley "Bottom" land, but hilly land that he claims is "the bottom of heaven (Morrison 5)." ... After even the skinniest of immigrants is chosen before him, Jude finds the need for another person to recognize him and his manhood and to share in the pain a racist society has burdened him with. ... Early in life Sula and Nel discover their status as the Other, understanding that "they were neither white nor male, and that all freedom and triumph was forbidden them (52)." ... The bargeman's im...

• Word Count: 1501
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Because the apartheid legislation was leading to a society where blacks were seen inferior while whites were seen superior. ... Namely they had segregated neighborhoods, black people were forcibly removed from their homes and were put in a separated area from whites. ... Earlier, before the Bantu system was legislated in the country, many African schools were maintaining by different promoters and by some state help. ... But after Bantu educational system took place in the country, the promoters chose to terminate these schools, because the system they had before was not working anymore. ... T...

• Word Count: 2834
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Langston Hughes boldly states that "African Americans' lives became significantly better because their lives were changed socially and politically, giving them more opportunities.... Fiehn, on the other hand, correctly states that "the principle of black protest had been established, although it took many years for laws to be changed;" he rightly identifies that it took a significant period of time before the lives of African Americans began to improve. ... Consequently, it is my opinion that the slaves may have been free in the 'de jure' sense but for many years...

• Word Count: 3529
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate