Just days after a federal court in Washington, DC found that Texas' redistricting maps were discriminatory, another three-judge panel in the nation's capitol found that it was unlawful to require voters to present photo ID's to election officials before they would be allowed to vote in the upcoming presidential elections in November. ... Attorney General Eric Holder compared the voter ID law to poll taxes enforced in the days after Reconstruction when blacks were not allowed to vote. ... South Carolina's law required a voter to show one of five forms of photo identificati...

• Word Count: 786
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Equality meant the absence of all elements of feudalism, including serfdom and the privileges of the clergy and the nobility, and equality before the law. ... Prior to the revolution, there were only religious schools but after the revolution, every type of religion could go to the state school to study. ... After the Revolution the French poor people and elderly did not have to suffer as much as before in order to survive. ...

• Word Count: 955
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The end of the bitter war had caused unstable conditions for Germany and with the defeat of the military, political and ethical deterioration and conservative authority ruling a radical minority, it was evident that Germany needed democracy before it spiralled out of control. ... When we review other revolutions that had occurred before that time, revolutions involved complete changes in political systems, a new state, new ideas (generally not liked by the government) and a fast change altogether. ... The civil service remained unreformed after 1919 along with the judiciary and the office co...

• Word Count: 768
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"The choice is simple: Either we press ahead with the road of change, a road that is difficult, or we choose catastrophe," said Papandreou to the Parliament just before the vote. ... Before the vote was passed, the stock markets across Europe and much of Asia improved in the hopes that the measure would be approved. ... After the result of the vote was announced, some extremely irate protestors engaged in running battles with the police in the streets surrounding Parliament. ... The vote was conducted in a roll call fashion after several hours of debate. ... Elsa Papadimitriou, a legislato...

• Word Count: 1157
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Romania - a Special Case - Corruption, Deficiencies of the Party System, Authoritarianism - Not quite two years before local elections, one and a half years before parliamen-tary elections and two years before presidential elections, Romania seems to be standing at a crossroads. ... Can they afford social unrest due to required reforms of the eco-nomic and social system just one year before local elections, which in turn would lead to the country's accession to the European Union on January 1, 2007? ... Debates in Parliament should be concluded after the summer recess and the citi...

• Word Count: 6376
• Approx Pages: 26
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The westernized view of political success or democracy is still in reach but Iraqi citizens must overcome a number of problems before it can be effectively achieved. ... These groups are causing constant chaos, which makes it harder difficult for political parties to attempt to rebuild any infrastructure that remains after the ruling of Sadam Hussein. ... To the best of their knowledge, their knowledge, their next leader will be as corrupt as those who came before him. ... After gaining independence there was a period of time where citizens were unhappy with the US government. ... The primary ...

• Word Count: 3028
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This short story Harrison Bergeron is a satire of the USA today. The USA is implementing laws like affirmative action, which they are hoping to erase racism, and essentially, make everyone equal. This is the same for women's rights groups, gay rights groups and all other group that are looking for...

• Word Count: 380
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although protestors around the world, particularly in Syria and Egypt, vowed to temporarily forego their demonstrations in honor of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, the Syrian army attacked the city of Hama, killing at least 113 people just one day before the month of fasting and prayer began. ... "Clearly the regime believes they have got to use more force and they have to get on top of this before it expands into more towns and gets beyond the capabilities of the security forces to be in all places at all times" (Derhally). ... Despite early attempts to reconcile with al-Assad and make ...

• Word Count: 795
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Human history is divided into periods and some periods are named after the main economic resource of the era. We have the Iron Age and the Bronze Age, both named after the metals men had discovered for making tools and weapons. ... Soon after the discovery of steam, a British mathematician Charles Babbage conceived the idea of the computer. ... New developments in technology have led to an increased level of interest in direct democracy, for now more than ever before this system appears to be practical in its applications and methodology. ...

• Word Count: 872
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Public policy follows a series of steps before the government addresses it. ... After the problem is recognized, the government sets an agenda on how to solve it. ... Some groups such as minority do not have power to influence decisions that are before the government. ... This is because it takes much time before a compromise is reached (Turner et al 455). ...

• Word Count: 1120
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Just before they wrapped up for their 5-week long summer recess, the House voted to continue the disaster relief to livestock producers suffering from increased feed prices following the nationwide drought. In a 223-197 vote, the lawmakers squeezed in the measure as one of the last actions before the recess. ... After being unable to come to a majority decision, lawmakers agreed to informal talks during the August recess in hopes of finalizing a plan within the early weeks of September, according to Senator Debbie Stabenow, the head of the Senate Agricultural Committee. ... Before his annou...

• Word Count: 1037
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After Thomas Jefferson had witnessed the uprising of the French people against their government, he compared their cause to that of the cause for the recent American Revolution, which prompted his sympathy for the French situation. ... This separation of views had existed before the French Revolution, but during this time, these conflicting views were magnified. ...

• Word Count: 636
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The history of American government starts several year before there was even an American government with a series of events mainly between the British colonies and Great Britain developing into problems that would cause a change of power to the colonists themselves. ... Of course if arguments were finished after one side makes a bold declaration on a piece of paper that would be quite a different history but the war waged on until 1783. ... But the gaps needed to be addressed and were backburnered until shortly before 1787 when it was decided that a more comprehensive form of national govern...

• Word Count: 3055
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Changing from being ruled by monarchs, to imperialists, with a short lapse of democracy before the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) came to power, and ongoing from the 1970s a blend of socialism and capitalism introduced by Deng Xiaoping. ... During the 19th century China finally saw fall towards the West through unfair trade impositions and regulations, and after World War II the Chinese Communist Party took control of the China that is known today. Shortly after World War II there was a power struggle between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Kuomintang (KMT), the nationalist party, s...

• Word Count: 3320
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Debs was the Socialist party nominee, he looked forward to the election with greater confidence than ever before. ... He also believed that business has to prosper before anybody con get any benefit from it. ... As his affinity for direct democracy grew, so did his support of voting rights for women, and after accepting the Progressive party nomination he declared himself a "flat-footed" supporter of women's suffrage. ... Luis Brandeis began advising Wilson after Robert La Follette lost the nomination to Taft. ...

• Word Count: 1559
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

No career-oriented politicians wanted to retire before he absolutely has to. ... This is the reason why only few people had managed to attain high political status before the age of 50. ... After reading and assessing both sides of the issue, I found myself clearly in favor of the proposal of term limit. ... After all, this is a union of the people. ...

• Word Count: 1760
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

No career-oriented politicians wanted to retire before he absolutely has to. ... This is the reason why only few people had managed to attain high political status before the age of 50. ... After reading and assessing both sides of the issue, I found myself clearly in favor of the proposal of term limit. ... After all, this is a union of the people. ...

• Word Count: 1760
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Introduction: The Weimar Republic was created after World War I with Germany in a state of near-anarchy. ... Many Germans hated the Treaty and the Weimer Republic was blamed for the onerous postwar reparations; although the government itself was modeled after liberal institutions, the stigma of having signed the Treaty of Paris continued to count against it. ... And also the standard of living went down, this simply backed up many Germans ideas that life was better in the time of the Kaiser and they wanted a more autocratic way of government as before the republic and the democratic gover...

• Word Count: 2027
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

I have not seen any country where Christianity has hedged itself with fewer systems, rituals, or figures laid before the human mind ideas which were sharper, simpler, or more general " (Tocqueville 517). ... This retreats daily before them without moving out of their sight; even as t recedes, it draws them after it. They see it from close enough quarters to know its charms without getting near enough to enjoy them and they die before fully relishing its delights" (Tocqueville 625). ...

• Word Count: 1596
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The island is like the Garden of Eden before the boys arrive because it is peaceful and pure, just like how before God created man, the Garden of Eden was also a place of tranquility and untouched beauty. ... After all, we're not savages. ... After Jack, Roger is second to give in and show brutality that he finds satisfaction in. ... Along with the lost battle to stay good, or the rise of evil, comes the fall of Simon, who, as stated before, represents goodness and Christ. ...

• Word Count: 3388
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"On September 15, 1821, a council of notables in Guatemala City declared independence from Spain and formed a government that assumed jurisdiction over the entire kingdom, keeping the acting captain general, Gabino de Gainza, as the chief executive.2" Guatemala's newfound form of government was short-lived because it was not long before the new empire of Mexico wanted to take control of the provinces of Central America. This reflects the greedy mindset of the colonies after they gained their independence, because the United States also started to expand on its empire, showing th...

• Word Count: 1257
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Secondly, The role of politics expended larger than any time before in the history. ... There were already many suspicions before government selected KF-16 in 10 years ago, performance of planes were contrary to government's expectation too. ... Martin Breck and Jenny Franco in The ultra Nationalism Investigation (TNI) analyse this situation as "Shriveling Europe military industry after cold war, they are knocking the door of 4th biggest arm import country, Korea with technology transfer advantage. ... F-15 selected after all. ...

• Word Count: 2405
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It was possible, naturally, that in this effort to soothe the painful loss of Athenian soldiers after battle, Pericles fabricated or at least over enhanced the true greatness of the polis Athens. ... Pericles described the government as one that did "not copy the institutions of [their] neighbors," (Thucydides, p. 100), and in which "power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole people," (Thucydides, p. 100), where "everyone [was] equal before the law," (Thucydides, p. 100). ...

• Word Count: 949
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After all, an inquiry into Victoria's secret police has been forced before, but the ombudsman concluded that it was considered necessary to continue at least "some of the activities" of the special branch. ...

• Word Count: 815
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In his speech after the plague, Pericles says to the Athenians that "he [had] expected them to get angry with him" (52). ... Unlike the uncertain prospects of the war for the Athenians during the Mytilenean debate, they are on a streak of victory before the Sicilian Expedition. ...

• Word Count: 923
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate