If the punishment were to be carried out within a few years instead of the average of 10 to 20 years after the trial, criminals would be wearier of committing such a crime. ... The determining factor of deterrence was each state's average number of murders committed per 100,000 people in 1994. The average murder rates among death penalty states were 8.0, and the average among non-death penalty states was 4.4 (Notis 122). ... Various family members raised Sean after his parents divorced at a young age. He lived with his aunt, his grandmother, and friends of the family until he eventual...

• Word Count: 2096
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The American Academy of Pediatrics compiled statistics on media violence that say, by the age of 18, the average U.S. child has viewed over 16,000 murders on television. ... Saturday morning cartoons, which are purposely targeted to the younger generation, average 20-25 simulated violent acts per episode. ... Since it is nearly impossible to throw away every television set in America, or have enough money to provide every family with a $400,000 house, or keep people from pressuring one another the best we can do is learn enough about youth gangs to help prevent them in the future. ...

• Word Count: 878
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Anti capital punishment campaigners in America view the higher cost of executing someone over life in prison but this is (whilst true for America) has to do with the endless appeals and delays in carrying out death sentences that are allowed under the American legal system where the average time spent on death row is over 11 years. In Britain in the 20th century the average time in the condemned cell was less that 8 weeks and there was only one appeal. ... For example, in the American state of Texas, a death penalty case costs an average of $2.3 million, about three times the cost of imprisoni...

• Word Count: 3217
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Based on the seizures and average yield per plant, the current annual production is estimated to be about 800 tones (Statistics Canada, 2004). ... For example, the average consumer of marijuana brings to mind the image of a rebellious youth or a famous celebrity. ...

• Word Count: 2766
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The average cost to taxpayers to support an inmate is $65.29 per day; the daily cost for house arrest is a mere $9.39. ... However house arrest allows convicts to keep job, actually forces them to have jobs so they can provide for themselves and their families. ...

• Word Count: 710
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The families of the deceased have expressed their anger and have said he should just be executed (Elliot, 2013). ... Dieter has point out how "states [are] spending millions of dollars on a single capital case [that] the average police budget had to be cut by 7% [in 2010]....

• Word Count: 861
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

More than three countries a year on average have abolished the death penalty for all crimes in the past decade. ... This would allow for a restitution fund for social, psychological and religious help for victims and survivor families. Such funds could also provide financial help for families which have lost a wage earner to murder. ...

• Word Count: 1346
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In addition to the disparities and discrimination these minorities face each day from average citizens, they also endure a different type of discrimination and in some cases a more violent reaction, from members within law enforcement. ... Due to the growing number of cases in which police officers have been accused of taking the law into their own hands, more pressure is being placed on other law enforcement agencies as well as the Department of Justice for action and answers to both the victims' and their families, as well as any disciplinary actions against law enforcement. ... Not onl...

• Word Count: 1477
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This compared with 19 percent of a control group, although methodological concerns have been raised over the socio-economic background of the control group; who were private school educated, a factor which may have affected their average physique. ... Information from the British National Survey suggested that rather than being larger than average, delinquents who commit serious crimes were in fact, smaller. ...

• Word Count: 2818
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

TIME found that, nationwide, the average cell cost is $24,000/yr. and the maximum-security cell cost is $75,000/yr (as of 12/95). ... The $34,200/yr. cell cost assumes that only 20% of the death penalty-equivalent life without parole cases would be in maximum security cost cells and that 80% of the death penalty-equivalent life without parole cases would be in average cost cells "a very conservative estimate. The $60,000/yr., for those on death row, assumes that such cells will average a cost equal to 80% of the $75,000/yr. for the most expensive maximum-security cells "a very h...

• Word Count: 2839
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Each execution results, on average, in eighteen fewer murders... " ("Does the Death Penalty Deter Crime? ... Finally, one must examine if capital punishment is giving the family closure or if it is being inflicted as a form of revenge. Many supports state that the death penalty is implemented as a form of justice as well as aids in giving the families closure for the convicted felon taking one of their loved one's life. ...

• Word Count: 1921
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Criminals usually do not have a chance to continue in their schools due to their families' economic situations. ... When they in school, they just focus on how to pass their classes successfully, and after graduation, they get jobs and start families. The chances that individuals who have families and are employed will be involved in criminal activities are much fewer. ... On average, educated people are healthier. ...

• Word Count: 1602
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The final group is family disruption, for example constant relationship conflict or marriage break-up. ... Factors connected to deviant parental attitudes and values and family conflict are of middle strength. Finally, factors connected with family disturbance are the weakest predictors (Loeber, and Stouthamer-Loeber, 1986). Therefore the children of families with a large number of risk factors, whether from the same or different groups, may possibly become involved in crime, rather than those children from families with just a small number of risk factors (Loeber and Stouthamer-Loeber,...

• Word Count: 3709
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The additional courts include domestic violence, juvenile drug courts, family treatment courts, mental health courts, community courts, peer/youth courts, and homeless courts (Farole et al 2005). ... Each court is unique in that it only deals with one type of problem, hence the name of the court in providing services related to substance abuse treatment, domestic violence, family treatment, anger management counseling, and mental health treatment (Donald 2005). ... On average, it takes about 15 months to graduate from a drug court, at which point participants receive some legal benefit, usuall...

• Word Count: 4011
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Community corrections allow offenders to make reparation to the community and recompense to the victim, to maintain relationships with their families, and to sustain a job with the hope of helping them to grow out of crime into responsible citizens (Vass 1990, p.39; Tomasic and Dobinson 1979 p.61). ... Cohen, (1985, p.46) concedes in his research that states that score high on use of community programs also have an above average use of institutions. ...

• Word Count: 2402
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The average death case resulting in death penalty costs about three million dollars in Maryland (Urban Institute 2008). ... The people who are against death penalty always argue about the criminal's right, but what about those victims and their families, who may see this murderer living his life after spending years behind the bars, is this justice? ...

• Word Count: 903
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Those who are for stricter gun control laws are infringing on the liberties of those who want to bear arms, complicating the process for those who desire to protect themselves or their family. ... Florida and Texas have crime rates that are lower than the national average because those states allow its residents to legally carry a firearm in self-defense. ...

• Word Count: 927
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Many traditional researches were conducted in trying to explain the phenomenon suggesting different causes for its existence, which included poverty, poor family background, lack of protection, and bad associations, etc. ... Push factors include poverty, poor academic performance – school dropouts, unemployment, dysfunctional family background that led to lack of care and abuse, crime-prone and unsafe community, criminal members in family and even boredom. ... Local researchers in Hong Kong also found that deviant youths were exposed to more adverse family condition and easily suscepti...

• Word Count: 2079
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Juvenile waivers are one subject that is constantly debated by policy makers, activists, the courts, and families who have been affected in one way or another by a waiver. ... Another aspect of those who are in favor of the waiver tend to be families of those who have been harmed or wronged in some way by the juvenile that is facing the waiver. ...

• Word Count: 3373
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Some refer to family situations. ... If our communities are not responsive to the needs of families and their children, this neglect can develop into school violence. ... Juvenile-justice statistics show that, lacking after-school supervision, youth violence rises to above average rates between 3 and 7 p.m. ... Although our culture expects the family to deal with childhood problems, contemporary society makes it difficult for parents to meet all their children's needs. ... In addition, neglectful or abusive family environments can inhibit the development of communication skills; self-est...

• Word Count: 2600
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The American Bar Association Project on Standards for Probation recommends that there should be a sufficiently low average caseload to provide adequate supervision and to develop variable caseloads for different types of offenders and assignment techniques which will maximize supervision (Albanese et al. 64). ... Interviews defendants, their families and friends and conducts background investigations to determine the types of sentences and to create corrective action plans. 4. ...

• Word Count: 1772
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

On the Galapagos Islands he observed that each island supported its own form of animals in the same family but was different in structure and eating habits from island to island. ... Galton believed that over many years a subject's character and talents would revert to that of the average population. He used the average as a means of measuring the intellectual and mediocrity of the population. ...

• Word Count: 2697
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Generally speaking, the relationship between family conflict and delinquency is significant. ... Most of that necessary structure is provided by the parents/family. ... Social workers and other professionals might need to help families establish guidelines for appropriate conduct and consequences for misbehavior. ... Clearly this theory supports investigation of delinquency within and through the context of the family, close peer groups and close social groups. ... Generally speaking, intervention in an attempt to understand and reduce juvenile criminality has been family centered. ...

• Word Count: 8199
• Approx Pages: 33
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

To sell the Probation service to a very punitive minded member of the public, it is necessary to explain how probation has developed over time from a social work attitude, to the modern day National Probation Service with a law enforcement remit, and its aims and objectives as such. The possible reasons and effects of punitive mindedness need be discussed and the effects of a custodial sentence, in comparison to community sentence upon offenders and the public will be investigated. These arguments will prove that the Probation Service is not a soft option' for offenders, but rather an ...

• Word Count: 2366
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Household incomes were also varied by the demographic and family responsibilities. While 46.7% of males and 69.8% of women were not parents, the ones that were had a mean average income of only $16,800 and the females were the main source of the income. 3) Dependent variables - the sample in itself is the dependent variable. ...

• Word Count: 2164
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate