Alexander Kerensky was the eventual Prime Minister of Russia and leader of the Provisional Government. ... The offensive despite a strong start and initial success against the weaker Austrian army, was eventually crushed by a German counter attack, leaving Russia with a loss of 200,000 men and 170,000 deserters. ... Secondly, Kerensky and the Kornilov affair greatly contributed to the revolutionary situation as Kerensky's reputation as leader became tarnished and the Provisional government began its descent. ... The Kornilov affair came about as Kerensky and Kornilov had different stra...

• Word Count: 666
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For instance, as Hungary shifted towards independence, the government lifted restrictions on free travel between it and Austria. Thus, the almighty "Iron Curtain" was breached by allowing East Germans to pass into Austria through Hungary and then onto West Germany. ... In November 1989, the East Germany government decided to undertake the most moving ceremony in Europe since 1945 by officially opening the Berlin wall. ... It is possible he wanted to improve the nation, but more importantly win public opinion over by changing the government's external image. ...

• Word Count: 755
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Similar arrangements were made for Austria and Vienna. ... The main issues discussed were the frontiers of a postwar Poland and its future government. ... Some members of the exile government in London to be integrated into the communist Lublin government Stalin promised to hold free elections at the end of hostilities The main issue surrounding this provisional Polish government at the Yalta Conference was its status in determining the country's political future The Soviet Union had occupied parts of Poland ever since 1944. As the Russians pushed the Germans out of Poland they ...

• Word Count: 3287
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The weakness of the Provisional government is a particularly important factor. The name of it, the provisional government, already suggests the government being temporary in nature. The government lacked legitimacy and real power, and had no real support from the masses. ... The final straw, the Kornilov affair practically led to the Provisional government serving Russia to the Bolsheviks on a golden platter. ... In wanting peace at any price, Trotsky acted in Lenin's stead to be the chief negotiator, delaying terms as long as possible in hope of revolution breaking out in Germany or Aust...

• Word Count: 1454
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In Austria and Germany there was a wave of strikes, "a spontaneous movement of workers generated by a sudden reduction of bread rations" (Julius Braunthal) however "with strikes alone you can't compel an imperialist government to sign revolutionary peace proposals" (Otto Bauer). Also during this period was the introduction of the Commintern or communist international, an organization with the principle that only the combined force of the proletariat of most or all industrialized countries could succeed in overthrowing the government. ... The result was a successful inv...

• Word Count: 1433
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Together with other hybrid of international agencies, national governments and voluntary international nongovernmental organizations, the UNHCR has positioned itself to fulfil its mandate and obligations to refugees in spite of all odds. ... But these religious persecutions gradually faded as most people in Europe became more politically sensitive with strong political affiliations and tenacious resistance to their new revolutionary style governments. These revolutionary style governments were seen in countries like France, Germany, Poland and Russia. ... As Loescher (1996) noted, admission o...

• Word Count: 4488
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1917, the Russian Revolution toppled the Tsarist government. From March until November of that year, Russia was ruled by a Provisional Government, which made plans for a democratically elected assembly. ... The new government, led by Lenin, made peace with the Germans and undertook a bloody, three-year civil war, in which Stalin commanded on several fronts. ... Central to his program was the collectivization of agriculture, in which the government would redistribute the land by taking over the estates of the "kulaks", the wealthiest peasants. ... After Germany fell, he used Red Army troops ...

• Word Count: 5151
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate