Hirschsprung disease occurs mostly the first days or weeks of life of a newborn. ... These numbers change around the world, but their statistical average is around 1:1000 to 1:10,000. ... The rest 80% happens to people who had no family history with this condition. ... It affects around 20% of the population in the United States at the same rate for men and women. Short segment illness is the most popular one, 80% of Hirschsprung disease individuals have it, but for unidentified reasons it affects men four times more than woman. ...

• Word Count: 1640
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The French model allows direct payment from patients to the physicians, with later reimbursement within 10 days. ... Reimbursements are on average of: 95 percent for a major surgery, 80 percent for minor surgery, 95 to 100 percent for pregnancy and childbirth, 70 percent for x-rays, routine dental care and nursing care at home. ... For example, "Patients are exempted from both [coinsurance and direct payment] when (1) expenditures exceed approximately $100, (2) hospital stays exceed 30 days, (3) patients suffer from serious, debilitating, or chronic illness, or (4) patient income is bel...

• Word Count: 2068
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Only recently has acupuncture made its way into the western world. ... Now a days, acupuncture is being used to "treat" a number of current issues from a simple migraine or back pain to various forms of addiction, such as alcohol, nicotine, or cocaine addiction. ... Alternative medicines have been around for hundreds of years and the use of alternative medicines for the treatment of various injuries, illnesses, diseases, etc. has significantly increased over the last decade. ...

• Word Count: 3400
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate