The children were then left on their own in a room with the doll and other toys and their behaviours were then monitored for anti-social and pro-social actions. ... They found that children who were originally aggressive in their behaviour, were effected by violent cartoons and displayed more anti-social behaviour but those who were initially classed as neutral showed no change in behaviour [4]. ... Cause and effect is difficult to establish in these studies as there is no control over variables and the cumulative effect of the independent variable has to be relied upon. ... There should ...

• Word Count: 1855
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"Without risk there is no faith. ... If Kierkegaard is right, then thinking isn't a part of faith, if you reasoned through your faith you may well come to the conclusion that your faith is unsupported by any knowledge or truths, and that if you were using reason, you would have to abandon your faith. ... This is faith without thought, no reasoning has been used to come to a conclusion about why this faith should be held, it is just done so. ... The problem with this is that it could be argued that faith is not needed where there is knowledge, as you do not need to believe in something tha...

• Word Count: 593
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There are ten groups of phychosomatic illness. ... There will be no allergy found but there is excessive enervation of the lungs. ... If the person is re - learned and reconditioned then their PNS will no longer react to stressful situations. ... Those patients with fast progression of the illness were defensive and depressed. ... One minute they'll be there and the next they will disappear. ...

• Word Count: 1862
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This means that there was no discrepancy between the observed and expected results, the manipulation of the IV was effective. ... The stimulus materials (see Appendix B) for this study are exactly the same as the ones used in the first study except for the absence of a third, mixed set of questions; there was no "Set C- for this study. ... The participants were then asked to fill up the questionnaire, choose a set either Set A - questions coded for introversion or Set B - questions for extraversion. ... Again, this meant that there was no significant difference between the observed and ex...

• Word Count: 1837
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Often there is no one leader, and depending upon the stage of development within the group there could be one or more leaders. ... Keeping in mind that during stage one all of the members of the group were polite, they were also cautious not to offend their peers because of the fear of no acceptance within the group. ... Our conformity to the guidelines was always respected and adhered which was interesting to me because there were a few strong personalities within the group (Dina, Ebony, Donna and myself) who were assertive but not aggressive and mindful to compromise when necessary. We we...

• Word Count: 4841
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Freud argued that parapraxes were those things which were commonly referred to as mistakes, but were actually the manifestation of subconscious truths and intentions. There are many different types of parapraxes, but the type we are most familiar with are misspeakings, or slips of the tongue. ... A good therapist picks up on this and is then ready to ask the right questions to further help the patient. The act of forgetting, Freud says, is in many ways like the act of repression; in repression, one either intentional or subconsciously forgets something as a defense mechanism, because the...

• Word Count: 490
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These questions have intrigued philosophers for centuries, but thankfully there were two individuals who understood human behavior. ... According to Freud, there are three levels of awareness, they consist of the conscious, the preconscious and the unconscious. ... Then when it comes to the conscious mind it is the part of the mind that contains all the things we are aware of. ... Unlike Freud, Skinner made no provision for internal personality structures like Freud did. ... There are four different kinds of reinforcements and they are positive, negative, extinction and punishment. ...

• Word Count: 2180
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Based on the applicant's scores they were then randomly allocated to one of three groups, the first two groups being experimental and the third being the control group. ... Owen et al. (2010) concluded that in all three groups, the results provided no clear evidence to support the belief that regular use of computer programs using brain training tasks, improves overall cognitive function in healthy participants, beyond the tasks that were actually provided. ... Lacking up until now, no good large scale trial is broadly available to patients with apparent cognitive decline. ... From this...

• Word Count: 908
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Humans are one of the worlds most interesting creatures, they are all similar in anatomical complexion but differ individually on account that there are no two people are the same. ... While this was mostly the case there were key instances that there was something deeper going on, such as a big project due or a test coming up. ... I could then reflect on the situation and our emotions and see how to really deal with the situation. ... As well as in the Zimbardo experiment the participants were college students, who were presumed to have never been a prisoner or a prison warden before. ... ...

• Word Count: 1466
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There must be a conflict to discord a certain belief. ... If the student was to summarize a lecture on the paranormal, it would have no effect on the attitude change, because it doesn't make you think about the facts. On the other hand if you see the conflict in front of you, and you see the other side of the picture, then there is room for you to see an inconsistency. Both of these variables were needed to make a change in the student's attitude and beliefs towards the paranormal. ... It would have less effect then if you explored the other side of the contradiction. ...

• Word Count: 681
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In another way u can say that if the "emotions part" of the brain is affected in anyway then it could affect the decision making of the individual. For example anxiety or anger in a learning situation could affect the "working memory" and the student could forget very quickly everything he has learnt on that particular day, another example would be when a student goes to an exam and is really stressed and even if he had revised and prepared himself well for the exam but is still not confident about it, when he goes into the exam room and when he sees the supervisors and the exam paper in front...

• Word Count: 644
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There were quite a few questions regarding their intake of drugs and their response to these drugs for example their moods, sleep pattern and appetite. ... All individuals were assured that all information that was given would be kept confidential and no names would be used, as well as all volunteers would be paid for their time. ... The questions consisted of the history of ecstasy use and any other drug use, how the drug/drugs were taken, if there was any physical or psychological issues or side effects and lastly if there were any other issues by using drugs for example relationship, financ...

• Word Count: 1325
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the first session the subjects were split up into groups and were asked to complete a questionnaire. ... Then the subjects were asked questions about what they watch on television, how often, and so on. They were also asked demographic related questions. ... The conclusions from this session showed that there was an increase in anger and decrease in confidence in women. ... I think that some of the conclusions were pretty obvious, but there were some others that surprised me. ...

• Word Count: 525
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If this were the case, then these results would possibly not be able to be taken as a generalisation of the population as a whole, but only a particular cross-section of the population instead. ... However, looking at the other point of view, if there is much publicity to fit this stereotype (such as the mass media which can be very influential), then it is bound to have an effect upon how some people perceive other people. ... In fact there was no broken headlight in the film, but it is however clear that the latter question suggests there was. ... They may have known there was no broken...

• Word Count: 1418
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These were classed as the short term affects. ... This is seen in children or adults who, although at first glance are sociable, have no real concern for others or capacity to care for people. ... These were classed as the long term affects. ... Bowlby also found out that out of these seventeen, fourteen of them or eighty nine percent were cold and uncaring, they felt no shame for what they had done and seemed quite detached from the ordinary standards of decency. ... There were several practices that were greatly humanised. ...

• Word Count: 1926
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These frames were shown so that Jim could not consciously see the distorted messages and pictures. ... Once again, these signals were only picked up by Jim's subconscious senses. ... Since then, the use of subliminal messages has drastically increased. ... He said these lines were due to flashing split-second messages that read, "Hungry? ... However, if Jim were able to carefully examine the previews he would see the subliminal content. ...

• Word Count: 2256
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

I believe that the children had a broad introduction to MFL because they were not just learning about the language, they were learning about the culture of Germany too. ... Therefore I do not believe that there is a particular 'recipe' for creativity. ... It was then that the school and education context was affected more directly; the idea was then put forward that creativity (as a way of learning and teaching) should be studied in closer detail (Kim, 2006). ... If a child is engaged in the work they are doing then they will respond better to teaching. ... If a child is not enjoy...

• Word Count: 1516
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

M"Naughten then killed the Prime Ministers secretary, believing it to be him, and pleaded insanity at the trial. ... With the emergence of several medical and psychological breakthroughs regarding forensic/criminal psychology, the Queensland legal system is still using a rule formed when there was no access to diagnostic equipment and expert medical opinions, no previous precedents or access to statical data. ... There are no straightforward steps a psychologist can use to determine whether or not a patient is of sound mind when presenting a case in the Queensland Legal System under the code. ...

• Word Count: 1862
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

We are the Sons of Submission: Obedience to Authority in Metal Gear Solid 2 There is no subjection so perfect as that which keeps the appearance of freedom. ... There were many variations of his experiment (to examine what can effect the authority of a command, and to demonstrate that the study observed the effects of willing obedience and not some other, hidden phenomena), but the control version (called Experiment 2) progressed as follows. ... The final two switches, 435 and 450 volts, were simply labeled "XXX- (Obedience, 28). The teacher is to quiz the learner on the word pair...

• Word Count: 1217
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There is a saying that " what we see in others reflects how we see ourselves". ... I was trying to give a scientific ground to the matters that were dealt before only by philosophers. ... There was also a lot of political turmoil going on, such as the First World War and the Communist Revolution. ... Such point of view leaves no room for any noble strivings of a human soul. ... In the development of the human brain there are certain critical periods when particular parts of the brain are very plastic to change (for example, language, or music, or visual ability), and then loose the plasticity ...

• Word Count: 2193
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In this area there are competing views regarding the extent to which emotionally charged stimuli, such as an angry face, can be processed preattentively. ... For the target pair, participants decided whether the two houses or faces shown were the same or different. ... It appears then, from these later studies, that emotional processing does not occur without attention - completely pre-attentively and automatically. ... No concurrent activity was present in the amygdala consistent with the idea that full emotional processing requires attention. ... The conclusions of Pessoa et al. (2002) imply...

• Word Count: 741
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

How then can each unique organism acquire knowledge? ... There is no clear understanding of how much affect gender has on learning and memory as there are so many other mitigating factors to consider. ... There is significant evidence indicating that not all students will learn the same material in the same way. ... Fortunately classes were just under an hour, we had a snack break, and a long lunch period. ... " It was at that point I knew that there was no interest in teaching my child; ADHD can affect 1,000 children in a thousand different ways. ...

• Word Count: 1510
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If somethings going on you know you can talk to me, no judgement involved.... I go through the ups and downs of being content, smiling and laughing, communicating with family and friends, going to class and be productive for a few moments, then ill-fated the next, wasting time watching television, sleeping, staying awake for multiple days, over-eating and under-eating, and having no interaction with the outside world. ... While attempting to determine the causes of depression, I had the idea that it was hereditary, meaning that if depression ran in the family there is nothing a person could do...

• Word Count: 2277
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Further, there was no significant difference found between immediate and delayed self-reinforcement. ... This social motivation, in combination with the directive effect of feedback, might then lead to improved performance (Hayes, Munt, Korn, Wulfert, Rosenfarb & Zettle, 1986). ... The subjects were taught to structure, in advance, when, where, and how much studying they were to perform, as well as what consequences they would allow themselves for successful completion of said tasks. ... However there was no affirmation that stimulus control was more effective than self-reward or that the comb...

• Word Count: 1883
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In less then satisfactory conditions, such as a child who is raised in the ghetto with minimal income and harsh living conditions, a person will have different driving forces then those in "normal" conditions. ... For example most of us when we were children dreamed of becoming fire fighters, policemen, an actor, or singers. ... Consistency in human behavior is a rare occurrence, there is such a vast range of combinations between situation and person variables that it is merely impossible to experience the exact same reaction in any given situation more then once. ... In this theory, it ...

• Word Count: 1946
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate