There are three important sections of the Insolvency Act 1986. ... Whether there were good intentions or not should a company be insolvent upon trading then it is left to the directors to make a contribution on the company's behalf on winding up under law. ... The fact was that the items were a part of the company's business. ... Lonrho actually had no rights in the first place to the breach of sanctions. ... In the words of Judge Slade: "There is no general principal that all companies in a group of companies are to be regarded as one. ...

• Word Count: 1609
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He thought that his standards were in the interest of everyone as a whole, and that they were the perfect form to follow in developing a strong government. ... If it wasn't for the people, then there truly wouldn't be any censors on governors; so to try and deprive the people of their residuary mass of right to their own self-government would be shameful. ... Everything basically came down to the idea of an agrarian republic; the view was that if the government was agricultural then there was no possible way that it could become as corrupt and morally inept as the dreaded European so...

• Word Count: 491
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, according to Byrnes (1992, p62), problems may occur where there are no IROC trained officers or female police available because of unforseen circumstances. A study by Gregory and Lees (1996) of attrition rates in two different London police boroughs found a high attrition rate appeared to be attributable to the police practice of "no-criming", where a proportion of recorded cases were categorised as no crimes committed, thus they were not recorded as offences (p2). ... He said no one would believe me anyway, adding he would just say I was a slut and consented to it". ...

• Word Count: 2453
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A recent survey highlighted that almost 70% of the population were in favour of a written constitution . ... Regardless of any flaws in the current system, there is no doubting that it still is a very successful system. ... In the United Kingdoms current constitution there is no recommended body to authorise and legitimise the introduction of a written constitution. ... There have been no major incidents in the recent any way, suggesting that the government is now responsible enough warranting a lack of restraint (that would be ever present with a written constitution). There are ...

• Word Count: 1844
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Afterward the citizens were so ashamed that they were about to put one of societies greatest thinkers to death, they were obliged to look the other way when Socrates jail guards were bribed to let him escape. ... Socrates responded that even though the people might think a wise man is really foolish, that does not make the wise man foolish, because the wise man is still wise no matter what the masses say. ... He states that you should never do evil no matter if evil has been done to you, you should never do it even if you will benefit from doing this evil. ... His other friend Phaedo state...

• Word Count: 1176
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Even then the statistics are amongst white women. Black women living in the south had no access to education. ... The legal rights of women were almost non-existent, black women had little to no custody rights whether to themselves or the lives of their children. ... With no Under this rule a women's legal and property rights were forfeited. ... Salmon agreed with the idea that " A family functioned best if a male head of household controlled all of its assets " 3 There were many disadvantages under the laws of coverture. ...

• Word Count: 614
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This essay will then address the effect of European law on the United Kingdom ( 'UK'), how specifically the UK approached the implementation of rights in to its legal system, how the UK balances different rights using the 'Human Rights Act 1998' (HRA) and to give consideration to if there are any limitations to these rights, based on those contained in the ECHR. ... If one person is entitled, in other words has a right to something then someone has a responsibility to ensure that right is delivered. ... The court decided that it would be undemocratic to rule either way,...

• Word Count: 2444
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"The judiciary has no influence over either the sword or the purse; no direction either of the strength or of the wealth of the society; and can take no active resolution whatever, it may truly be said to have neither force nor will, but merely judgment " (Federalist 78). ... Montesquieu explained this phenomenon clearly by stating, "there is no liberty, if the judiciary power be not separated from the legislative and executive. Were it joined with the legislative, the life and liberty of the subject would be exposed to arbitrary control; for the judge would be then the legislator. ... These i...

• Word Count: 1561
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There is also very little regulation regarding the use of PMC in peacekeeping, military and security operations. PMC were first used in Africa during the 1990's. ... They were all used at the end of the apartheid era, where they were sent to work in areas such as Afghanistan and Iraq. ... In the MIddle East, like in Afghanistan and Iraq, there is the most high profile of recent use of PMC's. ... But, if the world can pull together then this resolution can be possible....

• Word Count: 584
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, there is strong evidence that they were simply the exercise of arbitrary power by the Western Allies. ... If this had been the case, then Hart would have been forced to agree with the defendants that the Western Allies were not enforcing law but exercising their power to take revenge. ... Bentham strongly believes that unless a law is posited, it is no law. If this were the case, then Bentham would arguably agree with Hart and Fuller that the trials were simply the exercise of arbitrary power. ... The Nazi war criminals may have deserved to be punished for any and all immoral acts com...

• Word Count: 1395
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There are many reasons provided for this by various political philosophers. ... The case of R (Jackson) v Attorney General2 in 2005 highlighted these issues when question as to the legitimacy of the Parliament Act 1949 was raised in the House of Lords (the highest court of appeal then) and the concepts of PS and the RoL were put through a tough test. ... Although the institutions themselves were independent there was no real power given to the Supreme Court. ... The case became more sensitive because on one hand there was a statute passed by the Parliament itself and on the other hand the cou...

• Word Count: 1820
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Unless we regard law as no more than a body of randomly changing rules, its history must be an essential in its study.... The jury insisted on their guilty verdict, the judge then fined each of them and committed them to prison until they can pay their fine. ... It was held that the court had no power to pre-empt the jury's verdict by directing it to convict and that there was no go good reason to depart from that authority. ... The Court of Appeal also stated that personal injury cases were not suitable before a jury. ... Magistrates have the power to send any offence triable either way...

• Word Count: 2914
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Constitution were created. ... Both these concepts go hand and hand with one another: if there is more social justice then there is more democracy and vice-versa. ... In Robert Nozick's book titled, Anarchy, State and Utopia, he states that, "individuals have rights, and there are things no person or group may do to them without violating their rights" (2). ... This idea also follows the ideas of Adam Smith and John Locke, who believe in free marketplace and as long as there is this freedom there is justice. ... But it is no less true that these kinds of exclusions were always...

• Word Count: 821
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When compared to currently available legal substances and drugs such as cigarettes and alcohol, marijuana seems less of a threat then pictured. There are no known detrimental health effects and there have never been any deaths on the account of marijuana, cigarettes and tobacco on the other hand have claimed over "four hundred and eighteen thousand lives in a given year" according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC). ... In fact in 1997 there where 41,967 fatalities due to automobile accident. ... Ashes nearby were found to be the burned remains of the cannabis (marijuana) plant. ... Rules...

• Word Count: 888
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In M'Naghten 1843 the defendant suffered from paranoia and felt like the government were out to get him. ... I they can reason but do not then there is no defect of reason. ... If they suffered hyperglycaemia then they can use the defence of insanity, if they suffered hypoglycaemia then they can use automatism. ... There are some issues with the law on insanity. Firstly, it could be seen as out-of-date as the rules we still follow today were set out in 1843 and the only reform has been to what a judge can impose after a defendant has been found not-guilty. ...

• Word Count: 1128
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

First, there is the actual crime inflicted upon them. Second, there is the neglect and traumatization brought on by the legal process. ... There is no reason to think that Christie's view would resolve all the problems with the criminal justice system, nor would it bring about any sudden improvement. ... It does no one any good to present them as simplistically as our criminal system does. ... Christie does not provide a resolution to the case, rather he focuses on the process which he describes using five characteristics: 1) the conflicting parties are in the centre of the room and are t...

• Word Count: 1599
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Since then, the question has frequently emerged whether or not civil disobedience was justified. ... Rawls suggests that, if past actions have shown the majority to be immovable or apathetic, then further endeavors might sensibly be thought unbeneficial and one might be confident one's civil disobedience is a final resort. ... Expecting their test is all around established, there are two further issues. ... Aquinas instilled that all human or positive laws were to be deduced by their compliance to the natural law. ... In agreement with Gandhi, there is a higher court than courts of equit...

• Word Count: 3194
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These tools used by the British were technology, the introduction of diseases and culture with a specific emphasis on language (Kennedy, 2014). ... According to International law (1770), Britain could legally take possession of another country if: 1: The country was uninhabited then Britain could claim and settle that country 2: If already inhabited. ... In British law there is a legal distinction made between the acquisition of territory and land (Behrendt, 2009, p.6). ... There was a distinct dispute between the British law that assumed superiority and Indigenous Australian customary law. .....

• Word Count: 2489
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

According to Edinburgh and Lothian's Regional Equality Council, there are seven different types of discrimination as told by the Equality Act of 2012 in Britain. There is direct discrimination which occurs when one is treated worse than another based on a certain characteristic that one of them holds, for example, a Hispanic man being searched for procession of drugs with no other reason other than then that he is Hispanic. ... Third party harassment is when then harassment is known to have been going on at least a couple other times before. ... Conclusion There really isn't a lot th...

• Word Count: 812
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Furthermore, a call-to-action in the free speech is necessary, as a call to action shows that there is a potential action behind that threat, and that the speech is not being used loosely, but rather as a tool to start a rise and cause real physical harm to an individual or the United States as a whole, because that speech would then be interfering with the free speech and life of the other individual in harms way. ... In looking at a recent situation at Oklahoma State University, where fraternity members were caught on video singing "There will never be a nigger in SAE," the Oklaho...

• Word Count: 948
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There are no commonly accepted medical or legal terms to define a human being. ... Why then, does abortion remain illegal in Australia? ... There is no definition contained within Queensland's Criminal Code of unlawful for the purposes of the provisions that criminalize unlawful abortion. ... Their appeals were successful. ... There have been no cases involving prosecution of doctors under the Queensland laws that criminalize abortion since 1986. ...

• Word Count: 1872
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Both cases contain products that were harmful to consumers. ... Then, following by two divisions of the Court of Appeal which are civil and criminal. ... It was in the case Merritt v Merritt (1970)5 that it departed from the precedent set in Balfour v Balfour (1912)6 where grounds were different. ... Secondly, if the ruling or reasoning from an early ease is no longer representative of the current law, judges then can overrule the past judgments and substitute a new one for the present case. ... There are two more ways, which are reversing and per incuriam. ...

• Word Count: 1319
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A state also of equality, wherein all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another, there being nothing more evident than that creatures of the same species and rank, promiscuously born to all the same advantages of Nature, and the use of the same faculties, should also be equal one amongst another, without subordination or subjection, unless the lord and master of them all should, by any manifest declaration of his will, set one above another, and confer on him, by an evident and clear appointment, an undoubted right to dominion and sovereignty. 5. ... And, bein...

• Word Count: 7672
• Approx Pages: 31
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After multiple researches and test were conducted the results amazed many scientist so they decided to bring it forward and present it to many treatment searching facilities to try and use it as a cure . ... If it can even slow down something as deadly as cancer then I see no reason why other states should not be legalizing it. ... The outcome of this is patients then having to leave their homes and move to another state because once treated by any marijuana medicines if they return they will be arrested immediately. ... The entire pro's certainly outweigh the cons of Marijuana and becaus...

• Word Count: 758
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Particularly within our criminal justice system, which significances to be accepted as a basic principle that it is better than that of ten guilty go free than that of one innocent individual be imprisoned, and then executed? ... Primarily, there must get a better understanding as to what leads to such executions in order to conclude what can be done in order to remedy them. Following, there must be ways to classify those cases in which wrongful executions that have occurred and means by which to prove innocence and protect the prisoner's release. ... Furthermore, prisoners that have been...

• Word Count: 815
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate